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Vitamin A Supplements

Vitamin A Supplements (Including Cod Liver Oil) Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Learn what to look for when choosing the best vitamin A supplement, including beta-carotene and cod liver oil. Review test results and quality and cost comparisons for popular brands. Plus, dosage, safety, side effects, drug interactions and more. Understand what you are taking before you buy.

Vitamin A Supplements Review

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CL Answer

What is fermented cod liver oil, such as Blue Ice? Is it better than regular cod liver oil?

Fermented cod liver oil information including if Rosita & Blue Ice (Green Pastures) is as good a source of vitamins and DHA as regular.

Fermented Oil On Spoon and in Syringe

CL Answer

What is the difference between fish oil and cod liver oil? Is one better than the other?

Find out how regular fish oil and cod liver oil differ including amounts of omega-3s EPA and DHA, vitamin A and vitamin D, which is best to suit your needs. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Fish Oil vs. Cod Liver Oil -- bottle of cod liver oil pouring into spoon

CL Answer

Is it true that fish oil supplements may contain soy? I'm allergic!

Learn about soy content in fish oil and cod liver oil, including safety for those with soy allergies.

Do Fish Oil Supplements Contain Soy? -- bottle of fish oil and fish oil capsules

CL Answer

Which "whole food" multivitamins don't include synthetic vitamins? How about Complete Foods, Sunwarrior, Garden of Life, Nature's Brands, and Doctors' Research?

Find out which "whole food" multivitamins are only from foods and which include synthetic vitamins, including Complete Foods Nutrition-OctoMega MultiVitamin; Sunwarrior; Garden of Life-MyKind Organics; Nature's Brands-PhytoVitamins; Doctors' Research MultiVitamin.

Fresh Broccoli and Lemon Beside Multivitamins

CL Answer

I am very concerned about getting too much vitamin A. Is there danger in getting too much vitamin A if I take fish oil, which I've heard contains a lot of vitamin A, in addition to my multivitamin?

Find out if taking vitamin A along with fish oil can lead to an excess of vitamin A and how to avoid vitamin A overdose.

Fish Oil Supplements Poured from Bottle into Hand

CL Answer

I've tried a number of fish oil supplements, all of which make me nauseous. What is the best non-fish alternative? I am primarily interested in getting EPA.

Learn how to reduce fish oil side effects such as nausea and upset stomach.

Disgusted Woman Holding Fish Oil

CL Answer

I'm at risk for both macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. I've read that more EPA than DHA is good for macular degeneration, but the reverse is true for Alzheimer's. What do you recommend?

Find out if taking fish oil supplements or eating fish can help for macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Fish Oil Capsules and Salmon on White Table

Product Review

Fish Oil, Krill Oil, and Algal Oil Omega-3 (DHA & EPA) Supplements Review

See Our Omega-3 Top Picks and Avoid Rancid Fish Oils.

Fish Oil and Other Marine Oil Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

News Release

October 26, 2018

Best Vitamin A Supplements, Including Cod Liver Oils, Identified by ConsumerLab

White Plains, New York, October 26, 2018 — Vitamin A is necessary to maintain good vision, skin, and immune functioning, and supplementation can be beneficial for certain conditions — although most people get enough from food and getting too much vitamin A can be dangerous.

CL Answer

Is it safe to consume fish oil as a long-term food supplement?

Learn more about fish oil supplement safety including long-term use, side effects, and more.

Fish Oil

News Release

September 13, 2016

Best Fish Oil? ConsumerLab.com Tests 44 Popular Omega-3 Supplements and Identifies Its Top Picks

White Plains, New York, September 13, 2016 — Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acid supplements containing EPA and DHA are among the most popular supplements, and clinical studies suggest a wide range of potential benefits, from improving mental health to treating inflammatory disease.

CL Answer

Risks of Too Many Vitamins & Supplements

Taking too many vitamin supplements -- or taking too much of a particular supplement -- can have short and long-term adverse effects.

Too Many Vitamins

CL Answer

Is it better to get vitamins from foods or supplements, and are natural vitamins better than synthetic vitamins?

Learn more about the benefits of getting vitamins from food versus supplements, natural versus synthetic vitamins, and more.

Getting Vitamins and Minerals from Food vs. Supplements -- fruits, vegetables, and a spoon containing supplements on a table

Product Review

Black Currant Oil, Borage Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, Flaxseed Oil, and Hemp Oil Supplements Review: Sources of ALA and GLA (Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids)

Choose the Best Seed Oil Supplements. Find Out Which Flaxseed and Other Seed Oil Supplements Passed Our Tests.

Flaxseed Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, Borage Oil, Hemp Oil and Black Currant Oil Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

Can taking too much fish oil be dangerous?

Find out if too much fish oil can be dangerous, and if taking too much fish oil can cause effects such as suppressing the immune system, thinning the blood (increasing the risk of bleeding), increasing levels of LDL cholesterol and liver enzymes or increasing the frequency in episodes atrial fibrillation. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Taking Too Much Fish Oil -- bottle of fish oil and fish oil capsules

CL Answer

Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Find out if supplements such as vitamin E, fish oil, milk thistle, curcumin, choline, probiotics, vitamin D, reishi mushroom, or extra virgin olive oil are beneficial for fatty liver disease and learn which diet (Mediterranean, ketogenic, DASH, or fasting diets) seems to have greatest benefit.

Overweight man holding his right side near his liver

CL Answer

What is desiccated beef liver? What is it used for, and is it safe?

Description of desiccated beef liver, including what it is used for, its nutrient content, and safety concerns.

Beef liver powder

Recalls & Warnings

March 11, 2024

Healthex Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On June 15, 2023, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Healthex Distributors, Inc.

News Release

January 20, 2015

ConsumerLab.com Identifies Best Vitamin A Supplements, But Cautions That Most People Don't Need Them

White Plains, New York, January 20, 2015 — Vitamin A supplements can save your sight and reduce your risk of infection if you are vitamin A deficient. However, deficiency is rare in the U.S., where people are more likely to be at risk for excess vitamin A.

CL Answer

Are there any serious side effects with Lovaza or Epanova (prescription fish oil)? If so, would these also apply to generic versions of these drugs and to fish oil supplements?

Understand the side effects of prescription fish oil like Lovaza and Epanova, and find out if the generic fish oils are effective and safe.

Fish Oil and Other Marine Oil Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) Supplements Review (for Slimming)

Choose the Best CLA Supplement. Not All CLA Supplements Contain What You Expect.

CLA Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

News Release

November 26, 2012

Tests Show Many Milk Thistle Supplements Low in Key Component -- Seven of Eleven Products Fail ConsumerLab.com Testing of Herb Used in Diabetes and Liver Diseases

White Plains, NY, November 26, 2012 — Recent tests by ConsumerLab.com of eleven milk thistle supplements show that only four met ConsumerLab.com's quality standards.

News Release

August 22, 2012

Contamination and Other Problems Found in Fish Oil Supplements -- Large Review by ConsumerLab.com Reveals Excessive PCBs or Mislabeling in Over 30% of Omega-3 Supplements

August 22, 2012 — The quality of fish oil / omega-3 supplements varies across brands, according to recent tests by ConsumerLab.com, which independently reports on the quality of health products. Analyses of 35 products selected and purchased by ConsumerLab.

CL Answer

Should I be concerned about pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal supplements?

Find out which herbal supplement ingredients contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), learn why these constituents are a safety concern, and find out how supplements containing these ingredients are regulated in the U.S. and Europe.

Herbal capsules being poured out of supplement container onto table

CL Answer

I read that sterol supplements to lower cholesterol like CholestOff can block the absorption of vitamins. Is that true?

Find out if CholestOff and other sterol supplements can block vitamin absorption in the body and other safety concerns.

Elderly Man Reading Supplement Bottle

CL Answer

Is canola oil good or bad for you? I heard it can be toxic.

Find out if canola oil is bad for you or good for you, and whether it helps heart health. Clinical evidence and how it compares to other oils.

Is canola oil good or bad? -- bottle of canola oil

CL Answer

Is there a risk of liver toxicity with certain supplements?

Find out if there is risk of liver damage from supplements such as green tea, niacin, red yeast rice and vitamin A.

Liver Shape Made From Paper with Pills and Bottle Against Blue Background

News Release

September 21, 2011

Not all vitamin A supplements pass ConsumerLab.com tests -- New report reviews beta-carotene and cod liver oil supplements

White Plains, New York — September 21, 2011 — Recent tests of vitamin A supplements by ConsumerLab.com found one to contain only 54.3% of its listed amount of vitamin A. Another product mislabeled alpha carotene as vitamin A.

CL Answer

Can taking N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplements reduce my risk of liver damage from acetaminophen?

Information on taking NAC supplements (N-acetylcysteine) to reduce the risk of liver damage from acetaminophen.

Doctor Pointing to Liver Model

CL Answer

I've heard that grapefruit juice can interact with medications because it inhibits an enzyme that breaks down drugs in the body. Do any supplements interact the same way with drugs?

CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as grapefruit, can interact with certain medications by inhibiting the liver enzyme that metabolizes many drugs. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Grapefruit Juice, CYP3A4 and Supplement Interactions -- glass of grapefruit juice and grapefruit halves

Product Review

Milk Thistle Supplements Review

Find the Best Milk Thistle Supplement. Tests and Reviews of Popular Milk Thistle Supplements & CL's Top Picks.

Milk Thistle and Liver Formula Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

Is it true that milk thistle supplements can be contaminated with toxins that can be harmful to the liver?

Find out if milk thistle supplements can be contaminated with toxins that can be harmful to the liver.

Milk Thistle Plant and Supplement on White Background

CL Answer

My doctor warned me that red yeast rice can cause liver damage - is that true?

Can red yeast rice cause liver damage? More information on its effects, including possible danger to the liver and kidneys.

Red Yeast Rice Tablets on White Background

Product Review

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review

Many Extra Virgin Olive Oils Don't Seem to Make the Grade

CL Answer

Can CLA slimming supplements cause liver damage?

Find out more about CLA slimming supplements and their safety, including if they can cause liver damage.

Sign Saying CLA with Omega 6 Pills on White Background

Product Review

CBD Oils, Softgels, Gummies, Creams & Salves Review

See How Much CBD and THC We Found in Products.

CL Answer

Are there any supplements I should avoid when taking acetaminophen (Tylenol)?

Find out if there are any supplements that should be avoided when taking acetaminophen (Tylenol).

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Interactions With Supplements -- box of Tylenol

CL Answer

What is TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)? Does it have any proven health benefits, and is it safe?

TUDCA information, including its potential health benefits, safety, possible interactions, and cost.

What is Tudca - white capsules poured out of container

CL Answer

I would like to try gotu kola for varicose veins but I've heard it's not safe to take. Is that true?

Learn more about gotu kola, including possible benefits for varicose veins and whether it is safe to take. ConsumerLab explains.

CL Answer

Is cinnamon dangerous for my liver? I put about a teaspoon of it in my oatmeal every day.

The most common form of cinnamon contains a naturally occurring liver toxin called coumarin. Find out how much cinnamon is safe to consume, and how often it can be consumed. Also learn how much coumarin ConsumerLab found in popular cinnamon and spices.

Liver Danger With Cinnamon -- Bowl of oatmeal with cinnamon and cinnamon sticks

CL Answer

Are there supplements, foods, or beverages that I should avoid when taking clopidogrel (Plavix)?

Learn about supplement interactions with clopidogrel (Plavix). Supplements that may interact with this medication include cannabidiol (CBD), grapefruit, St. John's wort, ginkgo and others.

CL Answer

To lower my cholesterol, I am taking a phytosterol supplement. Will taking other supplements, like red yeast rice or fish oil, help lower my cholesterol even further?

Learn more about combining phytosterols and other cholesterol-lowering supplements like red yeast rice or fish oil.

Cholesterol

CL Answer

I recently read that turmeric is only effective if it is combined with black pepper. Is this true?

Find out the best way to take turmeric and curcumin supplements to increase absorption and bioavailability. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Is Turmeric Only Effective with Black Pepper? -- Turmeric Supplement and Black Pepper

CL Answer

What is Omega XL and does it work?

What is Omega XL (distributed by Great Health Works) and does it work? Described as a "highly concentrated Omega-3 'Super Oil' supplement".

Omega XL - Great Health Works

CL Answer

I have IBS and don't want to take medication if I can help it. I've heard that peppermint works for IBS, but is there good research to support this?

Information about using peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including clinical evidence, dosage, safety and more.

Peppermint Oil for IBS? -- Bottle of peppermint oil and capsules and peppermint leaf

CL Answer

I take warfarin (Coumadin), an anticoagulant drug. Are there supplements I should avoid, or be taking, due to this drug?

Find out which supplements should be avoided when taking blood thinners (anticoagulants) like warfarin (Coumadin), including vitamin K, St. John's wort, and curcumin.

Warfarin Supplement Interactions -- bottle of pink warfarin tablets

CL Answer

Is it true that some vitamins or supplements can cause cancer?

Learn more about the effects of certain vitamins and supplements on cancer, including beta-carotene, vitamins E and B9, and multivitamins.

Woman holding vitamins in hand

CL Answer

I use beta-sitosterol for my prostate. Should it be taken with or without food?

How should you take the prostate supplement beta-sitosterol to maximize absorption? Learn more at ConsumerLab.com.

How to Take Beta-Sitosterol -- man holding beta-sitosterol capsules

CL Answer

Which supplements should be taken with food?

Find out which supplements should be taken with food, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, fish oil, and CoQ10.

Woman holding a pill and showing it to a man while sitting at a table about to eat a meal

CL Answer

Are there vitamins or supplements that can reduce my risk of breast cancer? Do any increase cancer risk?

Find out if certain vitamins, supplements and foods such as fish oil, olive oil, vitamin C and others, can help reduce the risk of breast cancer. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Supplements & Breast Cancer Risk -- doctor holding pink breast cancer awareness ribbon

Clinical Update

2/18/2022

Fish Oil for Fatty Liver?

Can fish oil supplementation help reduce liver fat and fibrosis in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Liver Disease section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see our article about Supplements for Fatty Liver Disease.

Clinical Update

3/19/2024

Olive Oil & Fatty Liver

Olive oil seems to offer benefits to people with fatty liver disease. See what a recent study showed in our Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review, which includes our Top Picks among olive oils.

Also see: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Recalls & Warnings

May 28, 2020

FDA Warns Sellers of CBD, Colloidal Silver, Essential Oils, and More Promoted to Treat Coronavirus

On May 26, 2020, the FDA issued warning letters to four companies for selling products such as CBD, essential oils, colloidal silver, and vitamins with unsupported claims that they can treat coronavirus (COVID-19).

Clinical Update

11/06/2020

Fish Oil for Liver Disease?

Does taking fish oil help people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what a recent study suggested in the What It Does section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for fish oil.

Clinical Update

8/13/2019

Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Fatty Liver Disease

Can consuming a Mediterranean diet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil decrease the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review. Also see our tests and Top Picks among extra virgin olive oils.

Clinical Update

7/17/2021

Fish Oil and Fatty Liver Disease?

Can taking fish oil over a lifetime increase the risk of developing fatty liver disease? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

2/14/2023

Supplements for Fatty Liver?

Find out how the following supplements, and other approaches, affect liver function in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):

News Release

December 02, 2009

Tests show many milk thistle supplements low in key component -- Nine of ten products fail ConsumerLab.com testing of herb used in diabetes and liver diseases

TESTS SHOW MANY MILK THISTLE SUPPLEMENTS LOW IN KEY COMPONENT

Clinical Update

8/09/2022

Vitamin E for Fatty Liver Disease?

Can vitamin E improve liver health in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Get the details in the Liver Disease section of our Vitamin E Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about Supplements for Fatty Liver Disease.

Clinical Update

12/12/2023

Tocotrienols for Fatty Liver?

Does taking tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E, improve liver function among people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what research suggests in the Liver disease section of our Vitamin E Supplements Review.

Also see: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Clinical Update

8/07/2021

Bergamot for Fatty Liver?

Can bergamot help reduce cholesterol or liver fat in people with fatty liver disease? Find out in our updated answer about Supplements and Diets for fatty Liver Disease.

Clinical Update

7/06/2022

Curcumin for Fatty Liver?

Does supplementing with curcumin decrease liver fat in people with fatty liver? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Clinical Update

2/17/2023

TUDCA for Fatty Liver?

TUDCA supplements are commonly promoted for treating liver disorders, but is there evidence supporting the use of TUDCA for fatty liver disease? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements for fatty liver.

Also, see our CL Answer about TUDCA for details about its other uses, potential safety concerns, and cost.

Clinical Update

7/31/2021

Coffee And Fatty Liver Disease?

Can drinking coffee help prevent fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis (scarring)? Find out what research suggests in our CL Answer about supplements and diets for fatty liver disease.

Clinical Update

10/18/2022

Liver Injury From Turmeric/Curcumin

Several cases of turmeric/curcumin-related liver injury have been reported in the U.S. in recent years. Learn the most common symptoms and who is most likely to be affected in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Also see our Answer to the question: "Is there a risk of liver toxicity with certain supplements?"

Clinical Update

11/10/2023

Ashwagandha & Liver Injury

Eight new cases of liver injury were recently reported among people taking ashwagandha supplements. Get the details, including the doses taken and common symptoms in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Ashwagandha Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Is there a risk of liver toxicity with certain supplements?

Clinical Update

12/05/2023

Fatty Liver & C15:0

Did supplementing with C15:0 help people with fatty liver disease? Find out what a recent study showed in our article about the health effects of C15:0.

Also see: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Clinical Update

4/22/2022

Vitamin E for Fatty Liver Disease?

Can supplementation with vitamin E benefit people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD)? See what the American Heart Association recently advised in the What It Does section of our Vitamin E Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease?

Clinical Update

2/22/2023

Spirulina for Fatty Liver?

Find out if spirulina or brown seaweed help with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in our updated CL Answer about supplements for fatty liver. Also see our Top Pick for spirulina.

Clinical Update

2/24/2023

Curcumin for Fatty Liver?

Does curcumin supplementation decrease cholesterol, triglycerides, or liver enzyme levels in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Review. Also see our Top Picks among turmeric and curcumin supplements and spices.

Clinical Update

6/20/2014

Green Tea and Liver Toxicity

Green tea extract was listed as one of the most common dietary supplements linked to liver injury in a newly published guideline for diagnosing and treating drug-induced liver injury. Find out what one of the authors of the guideline had to say about the catechin content of some green tea supplements, and get our test results showing the amounts of catechins in green tea supplements in the Green Tea Supplements, Drinks and Brewable Teas Review >>   

Clinical Update

7/12/2016

Vitamin D & Fatty Liver

Vitamin D supplementation may decrease fat accumulation in the liver in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who are vitamin D deficient. Get the details in the "What It Does" section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

10/25/2014

Probiotics Reduce Cholesterol / Improve Liver Function

Adding probiotic organisms to yogurt appeared to reduce LDL ("bad") cholesterol in a study of people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a common condition. Levels of liver enzymes also improved and more weight loss occurred when people ate the probiotic yogurt, in contrast to those who ate regular yogurt. The probiotic organisms used in this study are found in several products recently tested by ConsumerLab.com. See the details in the Probiotic Supplements Review >> 

Clinical Update

7/27/2021

Diets for Fatty Liver Disease

Are some diets more beneficial than others for fatty liver disease? Find out in our CL Answer about supplements and diets for fatty liver disease.

Clinical Update

9/17/2021

Vitamin C For Fatty Liver?

Can taking high-dose vitamin C improve liver function or insulin resistance in people with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among vitamin C supplements.

Clinical Update

10/05/2021

Diet for Fatty Liver Disease

Find out the most important dietary considerations for people with fatty liver disease in our updated answer to the question: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Clinical Update

8/02/2022

Supplements & Liver Injury?

We’ve added four additional supplements to our list of more than a dozen Supplements That May Cause Liver Toxicity.

Clinical Update

7/10/2021

Liver Injury With Ashwagandha

Although rare, liver injury has been linked to the use of certain ashwagandha supplements. Another case was recently reported. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Ashwagandha Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

12/14/2021

Liver Injury from Ashwagandha

Several cases of liver injury have been reported with use of ashwagandha supplements, including a recent report suggesting why this may happen. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Ashwagandha Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

1/14/2022

Liver Injury With Reishi

Although very rare, liver injury has occurred in people taking reishi mushroom. Learn more, including details of a recent report, in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Reishi Mushroom Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

10/30/2019

Liver Toxicity With Turmeric/Curcumin

Several cases of liver toxicity from turmeric and curcumin supplements have been reported. For details, and the latest case, see the Concerns and Cautions section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

3/25/2020

Another Case of Liver Injury With Turmeric

Although believed to be rare, we’ve been reporting a steady stream of cases of liver injury (hepatitis) with turmeric supplements. Learn the symptoms and read the latest in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

8/02/2020

Ginseng for Liver?

Does taking ginseng lower blood markers of liver disfunction? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of the Ginseng Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for ginseng.

Clinical Update

9/18/2018

Curcumin Effect on Liver

Long-term use of curcumin may negatively affect the liver in a small percentage of people, according to a new report. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review. (Also see our Top Picks for turmeric and curcumin.)

Clinical Update

11/20/2018

Liver Toxicity With Niacin

The death of a woman from acute liver failure highlights the risk of a particular formulation of high-dose niacin. For details, see the Niacin section of the B Vitamin Supplements Review. (Also see our Top Picks for niacin and other B vitamins.)

Clinical Update

6/08/2019

Turmeric (Curcumin) and Fatty Liver Disease

Several studies suggest that curcumin supplements (from turmeric) may be helpful to people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. For details, see the What It Does section of the Turmeric & Curcumin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among products.

Clinical Update

6/08/2019

Liver Injury With Turmeric

Another case of liver injury from a turmeric/curcumin supplement was recently reported. Although not common, it is important to be aware of this potential risk. For details, see the Concerns and Cautions section of the Turmeric & Curcumin Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

7/13/2019

Liver Toxicity With Turmeric

Although uncommon, there are now several recent reports of liver toxicity associated with turmeric or curcumin supplements. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for turmeric and curcumin.

Clinical Update

5/22/2019

Liver Injury With Ashwagandha

Although rare, several cases of liver injury associated with the use of ashwagandha supplements were recently reported. See the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Ashwagandha Supplements Review. This has affected our selection of a Top Pick.

Clinical Update

10/14/2017

Fatty Liver and Vitamin D

A recent study showed that it is difficult to raise vitamin D levels in some people who have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- a condition affecting 30% of Americans. This is concerning, as there may be benefits to raising low levels of vitamin D in such people. Learn more in the "What It Does" section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

8/02/2012

Vitamin E and Liver Cancer

A study has shown a dramatic decrease in the risk of liver cancer among people taking vitamin E supplements or getting higher amounts of vitamin E from their diets. But don't necessarily rush out to get vitamin E. Read the details in the update to the Vitamin E Supplements ReviewMore >>

Clinical Update

12/23/2013

Liver Toxicity with Supplements, Including Green Tea

An increase in cases of liver toxicity associated with dietary supplement use has recently been reported. In an article about the findings, The New York Times reports that bodybuilding supplements and products containing green tea extracts are among those associated with such cases. For more information about green tea extracts and toxicity, see the Concerns and Cautions section of the Green Tea Supplements Review >> 

Clinical Update

6/07/2022

Liver Danger With Muscle-Building Supplement

A case of liver toxicity was linked to use of an illegal ingredient found in some muscle-building supplements. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

3/17/2023

Safer Kava?

Are some types of kava less likely to cause liver damage than others? Find out in our article about liver toxicity and supplements.

Clinical Update

2/23/2024

Kratom Linked to Liver Injury

Use of kratom was linked with acute liver failure in a recent case report. Kratom may cause a variety of adverse effects and even death, particularly when used with other substances. Get the details in our article about kratom.

Clinical Update

2/23/2024

Herbalife Products and Liver Injury

Use of two Herbalife products were associated with a recent case of liver injury. See the details in the article in our Warnings section.

Clinical Update

2/27/2024

Alpha Lipoic Acid & Fatty Liver Disease

Does alpha lipoic acid help with metabolic fatty liver disease? See what research shows in our Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among alpha lipoic acid supplements.

Clinical Update

12/05/2023

Liver Injury With Turmeric

Another case of liver injury with a turmeric supplement was reported. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

11/07/2023

Cholesterol Supplement May Raise Liver Enzymes

Two CL members have reported elevated liver enzymes after taking a popular cholesterol-lowering supplement, although this appears to be rare. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Cholesterol-Lowering Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

10/14/2022

Do Prebiotics Cause Liver Cancer?

Some CL readers expressed concern over recent headlines suggesting that prebiotic fiber may cause liver cancer. Learn if this should be of concern in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Prebiotics Review.

Recalls & Warnings

February 02, 2018

Seller of Vitamin D, Omega-3's, Whey Protein & More Warned for Drug Claims

On January 24, 2018 the FDA issued a warning letter to Young Health Products, LLC following a review of the company's website which found promotional statements and testimonials made about the certain products, including Lugol's Solution 2%, Liquid Vitamin D3, Probimune, Flax Seed & Omega ...

Clinical Update

8/25/2015

Are Green Tea Pills Safe?

Studies have suggested that extracts of green tea can reduce the risk of certain cancers, improve memory, shrink uterine fibroids, and even help with weight reduction. However, liver toxicity has been a concern with green tea extracts. A large, government-funded study recently found that pills of green tea extract can be safe for many people, but some may experience adverse reactions, including elevated liver enzymes. Get the details in the "Concerns and Cautions" section of the Green Tea Review, along with information about what green tea does and our tests of green tea extracts, brewable teas, and beverages >>

Recalls & Warnings

April 10, 2021

Companies Deceived Consumers About Fish Oil for Liver Disease, Says FTC

On April 1, 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that fish oil supplement manufacturer BASF SE and its U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

November 02, 2012

Maker of Joint Health, Blood Sugar, Prostate, Ginkgo Supplements and More Warned For Drug Claims, Misbranding and Adulteration

On September 10, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to Global Source Management & Consulting for making drug claims about the following dietary supplements: Scientific Joint Program capsules, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Healthy Blood Sugar Diabetic Support, Dr.

Recalls & Warnings

February 22, 2024

Herbalife Shake & Protein Drink Mix, Aloe, Linked With Case of Liver Injury

A 13-year-old boy in Texas developed liver failure and hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia after consuming two Herbalife products and an aloe vera beverage over a period of months, according to a report published on February 12, 2024 in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and ...

Recalls & Warnings

August 14, 2023

Liver Injury Linked to "Immune Booster" Supplement Sold on Amazon

A 27-year-old woman in Pennsylvania was admitted to intensive care for drug-induced liver injury after taking Prodigy Life HRP-AID, a supplement sold on Amazon and promoted as an "immune system booster" to reduce the intensity and frequency of cold sore outbreaks, according to a ...

News Release

October 28, 2008

Tests reveal quality problems with vitamin A supplements -- New ConsumerLab.com report focuses on vitamin A, including beta-carotene and cod liver oil

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — OCTOBER 28, 2008 — ConsumerLab.com is cautioning that the amount vitamin A in some supplements may be much higher or lower than the amount stated on labels. Among ten supplements recently selected for testing, ConsumerLab.

Recalls & Warnings

July 22, 2022

FDA Warns Seller of Vision, Calcium & Magnesium Supplements and More

On June 14, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to New Sun Inc. following inspection of the company’s website which found statements about the company’s products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

May 08, 2021

Seller of Immune Bio Green Cell Warned by FDA

On March 30, 2021, the FDA issued a warning letter to Immune & Genetics Protocols, LLC following a review of the company's websites, which found statements made about the company's product Immune Bio Green Cell to be drug claims.

News Release

June 12, 2007

Tests show many milk thistle supplements low in key component — Seven products fail ConsumerLab.com testing of herb used in diabetes and liver diseases

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — June 12, 2007 — Tests by ConsumerLab.com of nine milk thistle supplements that it selected showed that only two contained the expected amounts of silymarin compounds, believed to be the active constituent of milk thistle.

Recalls & Warnings

June 16, 2022

Omega 3 Supplements Recalled Due to Undeclared Drug Ingredients

On May 28, 2022, Latin Foods Market issued a voluntary recall of one lot of Artri King Reforzado con Ortiga y Omega 3 tablets after FDA laboratory analysis found the presence of undeclared diclofenac and dexamethasone.

Recalls & Warnings

July 06, 2022

Two Companies Banned From Selling Supplements to Treat Heart Disease, Neuropathy

On June 30, 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalized an administrative complaint order against two Texas-based companies, Health Research Laboratories, LLC and Whole Body Supplements, LLC, for making unverified claims that their products can prevent or treat disease.

Recalls & Warnings

January 12, 2021

Seller of Cholesterol, Weight Loss Products, and More Warned for Claims

On November 17, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to Bonagens following a review of the company's website, which found statements made about the company's products Anti-Aging Supports, Cholesterol & Diabetes Control, Gout Control, Hypertension Control, Liver Supports, Lungs ...

Recalls & Warnings

March 02, 2022

Seller of Holistic Tea Warned by FDA

On February 17, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Vital Health & Wellness following an inspection of the company’s website, which found statements made about the company’s product, Dr. Miller’s Holistic Premium Holy Tea, to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

March 30, 2021

Real Water Alkaline Water Recalled for Possible Link to Liver Illness

On March 24, 2021, Real Water, Inc. recalled all sizes of Real Water bottled alkaline water because it may be linked to multiple cases of non-viral hepatitis that occurred in Las Vegas, NV in November of 2020.

Recalls & Warnings

January 04, 2020

Hormonal Balance Supplement Tied to Liver Failure

An otherwise healthy 23-year old woman in Texas is reported to have recently developed liver failure (requiring a liver transplant) after taking the supplement Balance (from Alani Nu) for four months.

Recalls & Warnings

November 21, 2017

Health Canada Calls for Stronger Warnings of Liver Risk on Green Tea Extract Products

On November 15, 2017, Health Canada (the Canadian equivalent of the FDA) recommended stronger warning statements about the risk of liver toxicity on labels of supplements containing green tea extract sold in Canada. 

Recalls & Warnings

October 13, 2018

Pharmaceutical Drugs Found In Dietary Supplements Pose Danger to Consumers

Almost 800 dietary supplements sold between 2007 and 2016 contained unapproved pharmaceutical ingredients, according to a study published today in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).

Recalls & Warnings

February 28, 2017

Multivitamin Recalled Due to Allergen Risk

On February 14, 2017, Licata Enterprises issued a recall of all lots of its Supreme One and Theravits 100 multiple vitamins because they contain fish liver oil but is labeled as containing "no common allergens.

Recalls & Warnings

March 25, 2002

FDA Advises Consumers of Risk of Severe Liver Toxicity with Kava

On March 25, 2002 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)issued a Consumer Advisory, as well as a letter to health care providers, advising of the potential risk of severe liver injury associated with the use of kava-containing dietary supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

November 04, 2016

Liver Injuries Linked With Dietary Supplement Use on the Rise

The number of liver injuries associated with dietary supplement use has increased substantially in recent years, according to a recently published study in the journal Hepatology.

Recalls & Warnings

June 06, 2017

Seller of Herbal Supplements Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On May 25, 2017 the FDA issued a warning letter to Life Rising Corporation, following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including Stomach Regulator, Fang Feng Formula, Skin Regulator, Regulate Liver, Circulation Regulator, Pancreas Support, Lung Regulator, Pure Tea, ...

Recalls & Warnings

December 08, 2017

Limbrel Capsules for Osteoarthritis Linked With Potentially Life-Threatening Health Risk, FDA Warns

On December 4, 2017, the FDA urged consumers not to take Limbrel (Primus Pharmaceuticals), a capsule marketed to manage the metabolic processes associated with osteoarthritis, because it has been associated with serious adverse events, including drug-induced liver injury and a lung ...

Recalls & Warnings

May 23, 2013

Seller of Sexual Enhancement, Cholesterol, Resveratrol Supplements and More Warned For Drug Claims

On May 2, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Alternative Health Supplements, following a review of the company's website, which found statements made about several dietary supplements, including Regenerect, Alligin, Astaxanthin Advantage, HDL Cholesterol Management, Resveratrol, Coral Calcium ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 07, 2002

Liver Toxicity with Kava

As announced in a December 19, 2001 letter to healthcare professionals, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating whether the use of dietary supplements containing kava (also known as kava kava or Piper methysticum) is associated with liver toxicity.

Recalls & Warnings

February 15, 2006

New Zealand Warns of Liver Toxicity from Black Cohosh

On February 9, 2006, New Zealand's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) announced new labelling and consumer information for medicines containing Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa).

Recalls & Warnings

June 27, 2007

Warning Labels to be Required for Green Tea and Black Cohosh Products

On June 26, 2007, the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) Dietary Supplements Information Expert Committee (DSI-EC) voted to require cautionary statements on the labels for green tea extracts and black cohosh dietary supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

May 01, 2009

FDA Warns Consumers to Stop Using Hydroxycut -- Product Being Tested by ConsumerLab.com

On May 1, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned consumers to immediately stop using Hydroxycut products by Iovate Health Sciences Inc., of Oakville, Ontario and distributed by Iovate Health Sciences USA Inc. of Blasdell, N.Y.

Recalls & Warnings

January 02, 2004

Canada Reiterates Warning on Products Containing Kava

On December 23, 2003, Health Canada reminded Canadian consumers of the serious risks associated with the use of products containing kava.

Recalls & Warnings

May 18, 2012

Caution with Butterbur Indicated by UK Warning

England's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) advised consumers in early 2012 not to take unlicensed butterbur (Petasites hybridus) herbal products due to potential health risks.

Recalls & Warnings

August 25, 2002

Canadian Recall and Stop-Sale Order on All Kava Products

Health Canada is issuing a stop-sale order for all products containing the herb kava after a safety assessment concluded there is insufficient evidence to support their safe use. The department is also requesting the recall of these products from all levels of the market.

Recalls & Warnings

May 24, 2016

Seller of Joint Health, Omega-3 Supplements & More Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On May 13, 2016, the FDA issued a warning letter to Rocky Fork Formulas, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 23, 2013

Maker of Liver Detox and Insulin Supplements Warned For Drug Claims

On April 24, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Glucorell, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

September 05, 2013

Seller of Herbal Supplements and "Tonics" Warned For Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On May 24, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Sundial Herbal Products following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including Woman Back Tonic, Koromantee, Wood and Root Tonic, Arthritis, Asthma, Diabetics, Sundial Ashanti Weight Loss Energy Lifter, Appetite Suppresser, ...

Recalls & Warnings

August 16, 2013

Ginkgo, Milk Thistle, Cleanse and Nopal Supplement Maker Warned For Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On July 23, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Natural Products Services, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

February 13, 2013

Manufacturer of Heart, Multivitamin, Cranberry, and Longevity Supplements Warned For Adulteration and Drug Claims

On January 29, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to M.D.R. Fitness Corp. following a facility inspection which found violations of good manufacturing practices which cause the company's products to be adulterated. 

Recalls & Warnings

November 04, 2015

Green Tea from Tea Bags Linked to Acute Hepatitis

According to a case report published on September 23, 2015 (Lugg, BMJ Case Rep 2015), a 16-year old girl in England developed acute hepatitis in connection with the consumption of green tea.

Recalls & Warnings

April 14, 2015

Muscle Supplement Linked to Serious Liver Injury

On April 13, 2015, the FDA warned consumers not to use the muscle growth supplement Tri-Methyl Xtreme (distributed by Extreme Products Group) because it has been linked to serious liver injury.

Recalls & Warnings

December 24, 2013

Muscle Growth Supplement Linked with Liver Failure

On December 23, 2013, the FDA advised consumers to immediately stop using muscle growth supplement Mass Destruction (by Blunt Force Nutrition) because it is labeled as containing at least one synthetic anabolic steroid and has been linked to at least one reported case of liver failure.

Recalls & Warnings

January 02, 2004

Health Canada Warns Consumers Not to Use Health Products Containing Comfrey

On December 12, Health Canada advised Canadian consumers not to ingest the herb comfrey or any health products that contain comfrey because they might contain a compound called echimidine, which may cause liver damage.

Recalls & Warnings

April 26, 2013

Seller of Immune, Cholesterol, Liver and Blood Sugar Products Warned For Drug Claims

On March 20, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Birkdale Medicinals LLC, following a review of the company's website which found statements made about Birkdale products, including Immune Response 247, Cholestat, Silymarin 81 and LevelStat, to be drug claims.