How Products were Selected:
Products tested represent those popular among members of ConsumerLab.com and commonly sold and/or available in the U.S. ConsumerLab.com purchased products on the open market through retail stores, online retailers, and direct sales companies. Products were not accepted directly from manufacturers.Testing Methods:
Products were tested in one or more independent laboratories for the following:
- Total calories, total fat, poly- and monounsaturated fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, protein, total carbohydrates, and total sugars using Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC) International methods.
- Resistant starch using AOAC Official Method 2002.02 modified.
- Lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and sodium using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS).
- Quantitative analysis of gluten in any product claiming to be gluten free using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
ConsumerLab.com may modify or use other appropriate test methods if necessary to test special product formulations.
Identities of products were not disclosed to laboratories performing the testing.
Passing Score:*
To be "Approved" by Consumerlab.com, a product must meet the following requirements:- Specify the amount of all nutrients in the product as required by the FDA and be appropriately classified as a food or dietary supplement.
- Meet its label claims within a specified range for each nutritional component per serving as indicated below:
- Total Fat (within 1 gram or 20% of claimed amount) Saturated Fat (within 0.5 gram/serving or 20% of claim, whichever is greater; or, if claiming zero saturated fats, no more than 1 g per serving);
- Trans fat (no more than 0.5 gram per serving - FDA 2018);
- Protein (within 1 gram/serving or 20% of claim, whichever is greater);
- Total Carbohydrates (within 1 gram or 20% of claim or, if claiming zero to 3g/serving of carbohydrates, within 1g of claim);
- Total Sugars (no more than 1g or 15% over claim or 1.5g or 20% under claim or 15% above claim, whichever is greater; or, if claiming zero sugar, no more than 0.5 gram/serving);
- Total Calories (within +/- 20% of claim);
- Total dietary fiber (within 2.5 grams or ±25% of claim, whichever is greater).
- Amount of resistant starch found per serving is reported.
- Gluten: Products labeled as "Gluten-free" must contain less than 20 ppm of gluten (FDA), except that products with serving sizes greater than five grams or five mL must contain less than 10 ppm of gluten.
- Heavy Metals: Products containing whole plant materials, rice bran, cacao and/or more than 250 mg of minerals per daily dose must not exceed the following limits:
Lead:- Products marketed for use by children under 12 years of age or by pregnant or nursing women may not exceed the State of California's Prop 65 limits for lead in dietary supplements of 0.5 mcg per recommended daily serving with an additional allowance of 0.8 mcg if the product contains more than 1,000 mg/day of calcium.
- Products with a single serving weight of less than 5 grams that are not marketed for use by children under 12 years of age, may not exceed the State of California's Prop 65 limits for lead in dietary supplements of 0.5 mcg per recommended daily serving (above which a warning regarding reproductive harm, birth defects, or cancer risks is required in California) with an additional allowance of 0.4 mcg if containing 250-999 mg/day of any combination of elemental calcium, magnesium and potassium or 0.8 mcg if containing more than 1,000 mg/day of any combination of these minerals. An additional allowance of 0.5 mcg is provided if containing 250-999 mg/day of whole herb (not extract) or 1.0 mcg if containing 1000 mg/day or more of whole herb (not extract). However, total lead allowance must not exceed 2 mcg per daily serving.
- Products with single serving weights of 5 grams or more that are not marketed for children under 12 years of age may not exceed 2.5 mcg per serving nor 4.0 mcg per daily serving.
- If marketed for use by children under 12 years of age, may not exceed 3.0 micrograms of cadmium per recommended daily serving (based on Canada's limit for a child weighing 75lbs). If not marketed for use by children under 12 years of age, may not exceed 4.1 micrograms of cadmium per recommended daily serving (above which California's Prop 65 law requires a "reproductive harm" warning due to developmental toxicity and male reproductive harm).
- Contain less than 10 micrograms of total arsenic per daily serving (based on Canada’s limit per daily serving of a natural health product, and U.S. EPA and state of New Jersey limit in 1 liter of water). Products found to exceed this amount were tested for inorganic arsenic and must not contain more than 2.1 micrograms of inorganic arsenic per daily serving (Canada's additional limit in natural health products).
- May not exceed 2 micrograms of inorganic mercury per daily serving (based on EPA limit for mercury in 1 liter of water).
- Be in compliance with FDA labeling requirements.
A "Pass" was based on meeting the above criteria in either the first or second rounds of testing.
* Passing scores allow for specific margins of technical error associated with each analysis. ConsumerLab.com reserves the right to disqualify a product at any time from passing if it considers such product to display unacceptable variation, present a safety risk or provide misleading or inaccurate label information.
