Reviews and Information for Phosphatidylcholine
Choline Supplements
Most choline supplements don't actually tell you how much essential choline they provide. But our tests do and will help you help you find the best choline supplements from among those made with phosphatidylcholine (from lecithin), choline citrate and bitartrate, CDP-choline (citicoline), and alpha-GPC. Learn how much choline you need, if choline helps improve memory, choline-rich food sources, safety concerns with choline, and more.
Choline Supplements Review
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CL Answer
Is there a danger in taking lecithin or phosphatidylcholine? I heard that they may increase the risk of heart attacks.
Lecithin, phosphatidylcholine and choline - Learn more about the potential link between them and cardiovascular disease.
CL Answer
Do any supplements help for ulcerative colitis?
Find out what supplements & vitamins can help with ulcerative colitis, such as VSL#3, curcumin, aloe or boswellia.
Product Review
Phosphatidylserine (PS) Supplements
Find out if phosphatidylserine helps with memory and which products are best.
CL Answer
Do either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine help with memory and cognition? How are these supplements different?
Find out if phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine supplements improve memory and cognition.
CL Answer
Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?
Find out which supplements help improve memory, brain function and cognition, including fish oil, some B vitamins, cocoa, and curcumin. ConsumerLab's answer explains the evidence for supplements promoted to help with brain function and cognition.
Clinical Update
7/26/2022
Phosphatidylcholine & Heart Risk?
Free choline can raise blood levels of TMAO, which has been linked with adverse health effects. But does phosphatidylcholine, a form of choline (and the main form in eggs), have similar effects on TMAO levels? Find out in our updated Answer to the question: Is there a danger in taking lecithin or phosphatidylcholine?
Product Review
Quercetin & Rutin Supplements Review
Quality's a Concern With Quercetin and Rutin Supplements -- Only 17% of Claimed Amount In One
CL Answer
Are supplements which claim increased absorption or improved bioavailability telling the truth? Is it worth paying more for these? Are there concerns?
Learn more about bioavailability enhancers, including emulsifiers and enzyme inhibitors.
Clinical Update
4/07/2023
Supplement for Colitis?
Does taking phosphatidylcholine help with ulcerative colitis? See what the research has shown in the Ulcerative colitis section of our Choline Supplements Review. Also see our Top Pick among phosphatidylcholine supplements.
Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help for ulcerative colitis?
Product Review
Fish Oil, Krill Oil, and Algal Oil Omega-3 (DHA & EPA) Supplements Review
See Our Omega-3 Top Picks and Avoid Rancid Fish Oils.
News Release
February 03, 2017
ConsumerLab.com Shows How Much Choline is Really in Supplements -- ConsumerLab.com Tests Phosphatidylcholine (From Soy Lecithin), Citicoline, Alpha-GPC and Other Choline-Containing Supplements, Identifying Top Picks
White Plains, New York, February 3, 2017 — Choline is an essential nutrient important for liver and brain function. It can be obtained from the diet and most people also produce significant amounts in their bodies.
Product Review
Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review
See Our Top Picks Among Turmeric Products
Product Review
Glutathione Supplements Review
Learn How Glutathione Products Differ, Which Failed, and Our Top Picks
Product Review
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) Supplements Review
Learn What PQQ Does and Which PQQ Supplements are Best
Product Review
NAD Booster Supplements Review (NAD+/NADH, Nicotinamide Riboside, and NMN)
How Important Is Boosting NAD+ Levels? Find Out and Learn How Booster Supplements Compare.
CL Answer
What is Noopept? Can it really improve memory and cognition, and is it safe?
Learn more about Noopept, including results from clinical studies on cognition, safety, and dosage.
CL Answer
Can supplements, natural eye drops, or lifestyle modifications improve symptoms of dry eye?
Can supplements such as fish oil, flaxseed oil or curcumin (from turmeric) help treat dry eyes? Find out, including formulas and doses that have shown benefit. Also, learn if drinking more water or using eye drops containing castor oil, N-acetylcarnosine or aloe can help with dry eye.
Clinical Update
8/22/2025
Choline and Lecithin Supplements
We’ve updated our Choline and Lecithin Supplements Review to reflect the last supplement prices, including for products with phosphatidylcholine, CDP-choline and alpha-GPC. Brands include Double Wood, Bestvite, GNC, InnovixLabs, Legendairy, Natural Factors, NOW, Nutricost, Nuts.com, Perque, Puritan’s Pride, Solgar, Swanson, and Vitacost.
Clinical Update
9/03/2024
Does Soy Lecithin Raise TMAO Levels?
Soy lecithin contains choline, and choline may raise blood levels of a certain compound (TMAO) that has been linked with adverse health effects. But does taking soy lecithin affect TMAO levels? Find out in our article: Is there a danger in taking lecithin or phosphatidylcholine?
Product Update
1/15/2026
Choline Top Pick
Our original Top Pick among choline supplements has been discontinued. See our new Top Pick in our Choline Review, which covers supplements providing choline from lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, CDP-choline, and alpha-GPC.
Clinical Update
4/22/2022
Phosphatidylserine from Foods
Can you get phosphatidylserine from foods, like navy beans? Find out which foods are highest in phosphatidylserine in our updated CL Answer about Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylcholine.
Clinical Update
8/28/2020
Concern Over Memory Supplement Quality
Many supplements with phosphatidylserine – promoted for memory enhancement -- do not contain their listed amounts of this ingredient, according to a new report. Get details and learn what clinical studies show with phosphatidylserine in our updated answer to the question: Do either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine help with memory and cognition?
CL Answer
Do probiotics need to be refrigerated?
Refrigerating certain probiotic pills and other probiotic supplements is important. Get tips on how to store probiotics properly.
CL Answer
A tea called Throat Coat made me lethargic and I was found to have low potassium. Is this a known problem? I was drinking 5 cups a day.
Throat Coat tea information, including licorice root content, potassium loss, and symptoms such as lethargy, increased blood pressure and fluid retention. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
CL Answer
Immuno 150: Does It Boost Immunity?
Immuno 150 by Exceptional Health Products is promoted for boosting the immune system, but does it work and is it worth its price? Find out.
Recalls & Warnings
November 09, 2023
FDA Warns Biorica International for Cholesterol, Kidney & Cancer Claims
On August 4, 2023, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Biorica International Corp. following review of the company’s websites and social media, which found statements about the company’s Plaquex Oral Supplements to be drug claims, which are not permitted for dietary supplements.
Recalls & Warnings
November 16, 2018
Two Popular Memory Supplements Missing Some or All of Key Ingredient
Two popular Ginkgo biloba supplements marketed to improve memory do not contain the Ginkgo biloba claimed on their labels, according to tests conducted by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO).
