Does coffee have brain benefits?

Have never been a coffee-drinker. Has similar research been done on the effects of tea?

Does cold brew coffee contain more heavy metal and toxin contamination versus hot filtered or expresso coffee?

So many people think they are low energy because they are getting older when many have low thyroid or other problems. Always worth a check.

When driving I like to combine a cup of coffee with part of a dark chocolate bar...I think the combo gives me a well-rounded awareness that I find helpful when driving.

I've switched from regular coffee to store-bought cold brew because of the lower acidity. Is there information about the amount of caffeine in cold brew?

What about caffeinated drinks other than coffee?

That old "moderation" thing. Thank you for helping to define what that is for coffee. As a decaf drinker most of the time, I was found the decaf results especially interesting.

good information

It strikes me that the first question to ask about coffee is about why do so many people need a cup first thing in the morning. Is it to compensate for insufficient sleep, perhaps because of work, school or family schedules? Isn't a full night's sleep better for cognition, memory and doing tasks than coffee? I assume there are quite a few studies about that.

I was surprised to not read some mention of trigonelline (TNG) in the article. Found in fenugreek and in coffee where it is responsible for some components of coffee's aroma, It has been shown recover memory in Alzheimer's model mice, (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73514-1; and https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-023-00919-x) It has been established to have neuroprotective and anti-diabetic effects. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0300908422002747)
As I understand it, the coffee roasting process reduces TNG, so lighter roasts provide more of this alkaloid.

I'm 81,life long coffee drinker, three cups per day. No negative effects. Have always felt it improved my functioning.