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CL Answer

Which supplements help to improve energy and decrease fatigue?

Energy supplements and vitamins - Some can help increase energy and reduce fatigue, including CoQ10, curcumin/turmeric, cocoa, and B vitamins.

Supplements to Improve Energy and Decrease Fatigue -- tired woman yawning at desk

Product Review

B Vitamin Supplements Review (B Complexes, B6, B12, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Riboflavin & More)

See Which B Vitamins Are ConsumerLab's Top Picks!

Review of B Vitamin Supplements

Product Review

Nutrition Bars & Cookies Review (For Energy, Fiber, Protein, Meal Replacement, and Whole Foods)

Find the Best Nutrition Bar or Cookie. ConsumerLab Tests Reveals Not All Nutrition Bars and Cookies Contain What They Claim.

Nutrition Bars Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com (Energy, Fiber, Meal Replacement, Protein, and Whole Food Bars)

CL Answer

Can taking too much vitamin B-12 be dangerous? The label on my B-complex states it contains 50,000% of the Daily Value!

Find out the daily value for vitamin B-12 and the potential side effects of taking too much B-12. ConsumerLab explains why taking too much vitamin B-12 can be harmful.

The danger of taking too much vitamin B-12 -- bottle of vitamin B-12 with pills on the table spelling out 'B-12'

CL Answer

Is there a risk of liver toxicity with certain supplements?

Find out if there is risk of liver damage from supplements such as green tea, niacin, red yeast rice and vitamin A.

Liver Shape Made From Paper with Pills and Bottle Against Blue Background

Product Review

Ginseng Supplements Review

Find the Best Ginseng Supplement. Key "Ginsenosides" Found to Range 10-Fold Across Products.

Ginseng Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab

CL Answer

Can taking too much vitamin B-6 be dangerous?

Find out if multivitamins contain excessive amounts of B-6, how much B-6 is too much, and symptoms of toxicity and overdose.

Vitamin tablets placed on a table to spell B6

Product Review

NAD Booster Supplements Review (NAD+/NADH, Nicotinamide Riboside, and NMN)

How Important Is Boosting NAD+ Levels? Find Out and Learn How Booster Supplements Compare.

NAD Boosters (NAD+/NADH, Nicotinamide Ribose, and NMN)

CL Answer

Does nicotinamide riboside (as in Niagen and Basis) really have anti-aging or other health benefits?

Niagen (Nicotinamide riboside) information, including if it actually provides anti-aging or other health benefits. ConsumerLab explores this question.

News Release

November 02, 2023

Spirulina and “Greens” Supplement Tests Show Some Problems

White Plains, New York, November 2, 2023 —  ConsumerLab tests of spirulina, chlorella, and “greens” supplements revealed that tablets of three brands of spirulina failed to disintegrate within the allotted time, and several other products contained amounts of lead unsuitable for regular consumption ...

Product Review

Coconut Oil and Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) Oil Review — Semi-Solid and Liquid Oils & Supplements

Find the Best Coconut Oil and MCT Oil. See How These Oils Compare on Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs), Quality, and Value.

Coconut and MCT Oils Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

Which air purifiers are best for reducing the spread of COVID-19?

Find out if portable air cleaners can remove the virus that causes COVID-19 infection from the air and learn which type air cleaners work best.

HEPA air purifier on bedroom floor

CL Answer

Should I be concerned about phytic acid in oat cereals? I've heard that it can be harmful, but also that it can have health benefits.

Get information on phytic acid levels found in oats and oat cereals.

Phytic Acid in Oat Cereal -- bowl of oatmeal

Product Review

Electrolytes & Sports Drinks Review

See Which Sports Drinks, Powders, and Pills Deliver the Right Electrolytes

CL Answer

I thought the B vitamins were all water soluble and did not build up in the body, so you would not build up toxic levels. Am I wrong?

Learn more about water-soluble B vitamins including niacin, B6, B12 and folic acid, and why taking too much of these vitamins can be toxic. See the symptoms of overdose and toxicity from B vitamins. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

B Vitamins

Clinical Update

2/16/2019

Energy Drinks & Aggression

Are people who frequently consume energy drinks (like 5-hour Energy) more likely to be aggressive or have mental health problems? Learn what a new study found, and learn more about the pros and cons of energy drinks in the Energy Drinks section of the B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Product Review

Rhodiola Rosea Supplements Review

Do Rhodiola Supplements Help With Depression and Anxiety? Find Out and See Which Rhodiola Supplements Provide the Best Quality & Value.

Rhodiola Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

I'm over 50 and looking to take a vitamin B-12 supplement. Many contain a form of vitamin B-12 called cyanocobalamin, yet I read on the Internet that this form is toxic. Should I be concerned?

Looking to see if the cyanocobalamin form of vitamin B-12 is safe? Read research and safety information on ConsumerLab's report.

Vitamin B-12

Product Review

PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) Supplements Review

Learn What PQQ Does and Which PQQ Supplements are Best

CL Answer

Does Gynostemma pentaphyllum really work as an AMPK activator and help for diabetes, high cholesterol, or weight loss?

Find out if Gynostemma pentaphyllum ( jiaogulan) works as an AMPK activator and helps to lower blood sugar and treat diabetes. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) -- Gynostemma herb and capsules

CL Answer

Adrenal Fatigue and Adrenal Support Supplements: Do they work and are they safe?

Find out what's really in supplements for adrenal support and adrenal fatigue, including herbal adrenal support supplements and bovine derived adrenal support supplements. Find out if they really work and if they are safe. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Adrenal Fatigue and Adrenal Support Supplements -- Tired Woman Falling Asleep at Her Desk

CL Answer

What do alkaline booster drops do? Do they provide the same benefits as Kre-Alkalyn?

Learn more about alkaline drop supplements and what booster drops and KreAlkalyn are marketed to do.

Oil Drops On White Table Against Blue Background

Product Review

Kelp Supplements Review

Choose the Best Kelp Supplement. Be Cautious With Kelp! Only 50% of Supplements Pass CL's Review.

Kelp Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

Is it okay to take vitamin D3 and fish oil together?

Find out if taking vitamin D and fish oil is okay, how it effects absorption, and the best way to take vitamin D to improve absorption. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

hand holding vitamin D and fish oil capsules

Clinical Update

11/18/2012

Caution with Energy Drinks

The FDA has released reports showing deaths and other serious adverse events associated with the use of energy drinks like 5-hour Energy. As ConsumerLab.com reported in September, these small "shot" drinks can pack more caffeine than 2 cups of regular coffee. While the caffeine can keep you alert, there are a number of concerns to bear in mind and suggestions on how to more safely use these drinks. Learn more in the update to our B Vitamins and Energy Drinks Review. More >>

Clinical Update

11/17/2014

Keep Energy Drinks Away from Kids

It was reported this week that 40% of calls to poison centers for "energy drink exposure" involved children under age 6, many of whom experienced serious side effects. For more about this and other concerns with energy drinks, as well as our test results for popular products, see the B Vitamins & Energy Drinks Review >> 

CL Answer

What is Marine-D3 with Seanol-P, and does it live up to anti-aging claims?

Learn about the evidence for Marine-D3, a supplement from Marine Essentials that contains Seanol, including evidence from clinical studies on aging.

CL Answer

Bee pollen: Purported health benefits and possible side effects

Bee pollen is promoted for numerous health conditions, including supporting immune health and boosting energy. Find out if it works and if it's safe.

A wooden spoon holding bee pollen granules over a table

Recalls & Warnings

January 03, 2024

FDA Warns Amazon for Selling Men’s Supplements Containing Prescription Drugs

On December 20, 2023, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Amazon.com, Inc.

CL Answer

Can eating almonds reduce wrinkles?

Find out if eating almonds can reduce wrinkles or improve aging skin.

Eating Almonds to Reduce Wrinkles? -- woman with handful of almonds

CL Answer

Butyrate Supplements for Gut Health: Does butyric acid really work and is it safe?

Can butyrate supplements improve gut health or help reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Crohn's disease? Find out what the clinical evidence shows, learn about the different forms of butyrate, including sodium butyrate, calcium-magnesium butyrate, and tributyrate, and get details about products such as BodyBio Sodium Butyrate and Healus Complete Biotic Tributyrin, dosage, safety and cost.

Butyrate Supplements

CL Answer

Are lozenges and sublingual pills considered dietary supplements?

Learn more about lozenges and sublingual pills (such as echinacea, zinc and B12) including safety warnings.

Person in Yellow Holding Blister Pack and Red Lozenge

CL Answer

Is MitoQ a better form of CoQ10?

MitoQ information, including how it is absorbed in the body and how it compares to CoQ10.

Is MitoQ a better CoQ10? -- bottle of MitoQ

CL Answer

Is P-5-P really better than "regular" vitamin B6?

Learn more about pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P-5-P) and vitamin B6.

Man in Plaid Shirt Reading Supplement Bottle

News Release

June 14, 2022

Best B Complexes, B12, and Other B Vitamin Supplements Revealed by ConsumerLab Tests: Beware of High Doses

  White Plains, New York, June 14, 2022 — Recent ConsumerLab tests of over 30 popular vitamin B complexes and supplements revealed that four products contained either much less, or much more, of at least one B vitamin listed on the label.

Product Review

Seaweed Snacks and Foods Review

Tests Reveal Seaweed Snack Risks

Product Review

Protein Powders, Shakes, and Meal Replacements Review

Find Out Which Protein Products Passed or Failed Our Tests

CL Answer

What are the health benefits of D-ribose and is it safe?

Find out if D-ribose supplementation is beneficial for heart failure, exercise performance, and fibromyalgia and learn if it is safe.

Two measuring scoops and capsules of D-ribose on black countertop

CL Answer

Is sublingual vitamin B-12, which is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve, really better than the pill form?

Learn the difference between sublingual vitamin B-12, vitamin B-12 pills and more through information including clinical evidence.

Sublingual B-12 vs. Vitamin B-12 Pills -- B-12 supplements

CL Answer

Which oils can help lower my cholesterol and risk of heart attack? How are coconut oil, olive oil, and fish oil for example?

Find out which fats and oils, such as coconut oil and fish oil, lower cholesterol and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Oils and Heart Health

Clinical Update

2/10/2021

Energy Drinks and Blood Pressure

Which people are more likely to have cardiovascular side effects from energy drinks? Find out what a new study showed in the Energy Drinks & Shots section of our B Vitamins Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

10/08/2014

Energy Drinks: Athletic Performance & Side Effects

A recent study found that a caffeinated energy drink improved athletes' self-perceived muscle power, but also increased insomnia and nervousness. Get the details in the update to the B Vitamin Supplements and Energy Drinks Review >> 

CL Answer

Are the "% DV" numbers on vitamin supplement labels really based on what I need?

Learn more about percent daily values, including if they are good standards of measure or if better upper and lower limits exist.

Supplement Facts on Back of Supplement Bottle

CL Answer

The maker of my multivitamin says it doesn't include folic acid because too much from supplements can be harmful. Is that true?

Learn more about the harmful effects from too much folic acid, including increased risk of prostate cancer and kidney damage.

Harm from Too Much Folic Acid ? -- Multivitamin bottle and label

CL Answer

Do "Mr. Happy Stack" supplements improve memory, cognition and mood, and are they safe?

Find out if Happy Stack supplements really work to enhance memory and cognition, plus safety and side effects. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Happy Stack for Memory? -- Person holding a capsule

CL Answer

Does urolithin A reduce age-related muscle decline or improve osteoarthritis?

Find out if urolithin A may improve age-related muscle decline and learn about its safety.

Older couple walking together to exercise

Product Review

CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review

Find the Best CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements and Learn What They Do

CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

Muscle & Workout Supplements Review (Creatine and Branched-chain Amino Acids)

Do Creatine and BCAAs Really Improve Strength and Recovery?

Clinical Update

10/09/2021

Niagen for Energy?

The maker of Niagen (a supplement containing nicotinamide riboside) was challenged regarding its claim that Niagen boosts energy and performance. See how the company responded in the Nicotinamide Riboside section of our B Vitamins Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

12/14/2017

Danger from Too Much Vitamin B6

A women who was consuming large amounts of an energy drink as well as a B-vitamin complex developed symptoms of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) toxicity (which may not be reversible), according to a recent report. Get the details in the "B6" section of B Vitamin Supplements Review >>

CL has long warned that energy drinks and shots often contain large amounts of B6 and other B vitamins.

Clinical Update

5/26/2023

D-Ribose for Energy?

D-ribose is promoted for increasing energy during exercise and reducing fatigue in people with fibromyalgia. But does it really work, and is it safe? Find out in our article about the health benefits of D-ribose.

CL Answer

How can I avoid aconite – a toxin – in Aconitum supplements?

Aconite is a highly toxic alkaloid found in Aconitum plants ( also called monkshood, wolfsbane, or devil's hood). Aconite poisoning can cause low blood pressure, chest pain, increased or decreased heart rate, and irregular heart rhythm that can lead to cardiac arrest and death. Find out which supplements may contain aconite and how to avoid it.

Aconite

CL Answer

Which supplements can help treat anemia? Do any supplements cause a low red blood cell count?

Find out which vitamin and nutrient supplements can help prevent and treat anemia in people who are nutrient deficient and learn which supplements may cause low blood cell counts, especially when used in excess.

Woman holding various vitamins and supplements in her hands

CL Answer

Can prenatal vitamins have too much folic acid? Mine has 800 mcg, but isn't that more than what's recommended? Is this dangerous to me or my baby?

Is it possible for prenatal vitamins to have too much folic acid? Find out the correct dosage so that it is not dangerous to babies.

Too Much Folic Acid in Prenatal Vitamins? -- Pregnant woman taking supplements

CL Answer

Do vitamin patches, such as for B12 or multivitamins, really work? How about those from PatchMD?

Do vitamin B12 Patches like PatchMD really work? Can you absorb vitamin B12 through patches?

Vitamin Patches -- young woman with vitamin patch on arm

CL Answer

Which supplements reduce the risk of stroke? Which increase the risk of stroke?

Find out which supplements (may help reduce the risk of stroke/might increase the risk of stroke.)

Stroke Spelled on Wooden Blocks Against Blue Background

CL Answer

What are the health benefits of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides, such as those used in Bulletproof Coffee?

Learn the health benefits of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), including evidence from Bulletproof Coffee, clinical studies on obesity, skin, and Alzheimer's disease.

Coconut Oil & MCTs -- Coconuts and coconut oil with coffee cup

CL Answer

What is C15:0 fatty acid (found in fatty15), and does it have health benefits?

C15:0 fatty acid in fatty15 is promoted for “healthier hair & skin, balanced metabolism, and deeper sleep,” as well as “slowing the aging process.” Find out if it works.

Bottle of fatty15 with white background

CL Answer

Are intravenous (IV) vitamin infusions safe and effective?

Intravenous (IV) vitamin infusions are touted by celebrities and promoted by wellness clinics for numerous conditions. Find out if they work and if they are safe.

Woman holding her phone while getting an iv vitamin infusion

Clinical Update

7/19/2014

High-Dose Niacin with Statins Not Worth It

Further evidence was published this week showing that the addition of high-dose niacin (vitamin B-3) to cholesterol-lowering treatment with statin drugs provides no worthwhile benefit and appears to increase the risk of adverse side events. For details, see the Review of B Vitamin Supplements and Energy Drinks >> 

Clinical Update

4/14/2013

Concern Over Carnitine Causing Cardiovascular Disease

Intake of L-carnitine from supplements (and from red meat) may foster atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), according to new research. Once ingested, L-carnitine is converted in some people to a compound which reduces the normal clearing of cholesterol from arteries.

For more details, see the updated reviews of B Vitamin Supplements & Energy Drinks and Protein Powders, as some of these products contain L-carnitine. The Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplements review has also been updated because acetyl-L-carnitine is chemically similar to L-carnitine, suggesting a potential concern.

Clinical Update

8/06/2014

When Vitamin C May Curb a Cold

A recent small study among men with low to adequate levels of vitamin C showed that supplementing with vitamin C reduced the incidence of colds compared to placebo. The men taking vitamin C also reported having more energy -- although this finding was not statistically significant. Learn more about what vitamin C can and cannot do, the dose used in this study, and results of our tests of vitamin C supplements, in the update to the Vitamin C Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

6/16/2013

Stimulant Supplements

Have you ever wondered what taking a stimulant supplement for weight management or energy might do to your body? Researchers recently gave Zantrex-3, Xenedrine EFX, Metabolift, or a brand of Guarana to young men while monitoring their heart rates and other vital signs, and recording side effects. The results raise concerns. Get the details, plus test results for 14 other supplements, in the updated Weight Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

5/15/2018

Too Much Vitamin B6

Be aware that you can get too much vitamin B6 from supplements and energy drinks. This can result in nerve damage and other adverse effects, as has been recently reported. For details, see the B6 section of the B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

1/11/2022

Ginkgo and Cistanche for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

Does supplementing with ginkgo and cistanche extracts help reduce symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome? See what a recent study showed in our updated answer to the question: Which supplements help to improve energy and decrease fatigue?

Clinical Update

3/23/2021

MCT Oil for Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Can medium chain triglycerides (MCTs – from coconut oil) boost brain energy and improve thinking in people with mild cognitive impairment? Find out what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Coconut and MCT Oils Review. Also see our Top Picks among coconut and MCT oils.

Clinical Update

10/16/2020

Vitamin C for Vitality?

Can taking a vitamin C supplement or eating a vitamin C-rich food improve mood, energy, or overall well-being? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of the Vitamin C Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin C.

Clinical Update

1/12/2024

L-Theanine for Fatigue?

Did drinking a beverage containing L-theanine, with or without CBD, reduce fatigue? See what a recent study showed in the Stress, sleep and cognition section of our L-Theanine Review, which includes our Top Picks for L-theanine.

Also see: Which supplements help to improve energy and decrease fatigue?

CL Answer

Is it true that eating Brazil nuts can help with weight loss? Are there other health benefits or risks of Brazil nuts

Learn more about vitamin E intake from nuts, including Brazil nuts, hazelnuts, and almonds.

CL Answer

What is CELLFOOD and is it a healthy supplement?

Learn more about CELLFOOD (NuScience Corporation), including if the claims to improve athletic performance, fibromyalgia, weight loss, and cancer are true.

What is CELLFOOD

CL Answer

What is Skinny Fiber and does it really work? I see that glucomannan is a key ingredient. What is that?

Learn more about Skinny Fiber, including its key ingredient glucomannan, evidence from clinical studies, dosage info, and safety.

Skinny Fiber

CL Answer

Rhodiola and ashwagandha are both promoted to help with stress and anxiety. Is it safe to take them at the same time?

Find out if it is safe to take ashwagandha and rhodiola together. Both herbs are promoted to help with stress and anxiety, but may also lower blood pressure and have other side effects. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Man in Light Blue Comparing Supplement Bottles

CL Answer

Is kratom too dangerous to use?

Find out if kratom is safe/legal to use, including potential adverse effects, such as agitation, rapid heartbeat, nausea, drowsiness, seizures, and possible drug interactions.

Is kratom safe? Is it legal? -- Kratom leaf and pills

CL Answer

Are Balance of Nature products good dietary supplements?

Do Balance of Nature supplements "Fruits" and "Veggies" supplements really provide the daily recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, and are they worth the cost? Find out.

Balance of Nature

Recalls & Warnings

August 25, 2023

FDA Warns Consumers Not to Use Big Guys Male Energy Supplement

On August 22, 2023, the FDA warned consumers not to buy or use BIG GUYS Male Energy Supplement after FDA laboratory analysis found it to contain undeclared sildenafil.

News Release

February 09, 2022

Caution With Spirulina Supplements: ConsumerLab Tests Reveal Lead Contamination, Quality Concerns

White Plains, New York, February 9, 2022 — Problems were discovered in three out of four spirulina supplements recently tested by ConsumerLab. One product was found to be contaminated with lead, and two other products, which were tablets, failed to disintegrate within the expected time.

CL Answer

What is desiccated beef liver? What is it used for, and is it safe?

Description of desiccated beef liver, including what it is used for, its nutrient content, and safety concerns.

Beef liver powder

CL Answer

Do any supplements naturally suppress appetite and help with weight loss?

Learn which natural ingredients can suppress appetite and find if these natural appetite suppressants help with weight loss.

Container of natural appetite suppressant supplement with measuring tape and scale in background

CL Answer

What are trace minerals and do I need them?

Trace minerals include boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, zinc, and others. Find out what they do, how much of each trace mineral you should be getting, and who's most likely to be deficient in these minerals.

Trace Minerals - What are they and do you need them?

CL Answer

I have type 2 diabetes. Should I be concerned about ingredients like maltodextrin and maltitol that are found in some protein bars and drinks?

Learn more about maltitol and maltodextrin and their effects on blood glucose levels for people with type 2 diabetes.

Protein Bars and Powder

CL Answer

Do sea moss and carrageenan have health benefits? Are there risks?

Sea moss is promoted for thyroid health, boosting immunity, improving gut health, and other uses. Find out if it works and learn about possible side effects of sea moss and its constituent, carrageenan.

Sea moss in a clear bowl next to a wooden spoon on the countertop

Product Review

Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review

Best Multivitamins In 2023 -- Caution with Gummies

CL Answer

Is there a danger in taking lecithin or phosphatidylcholine? I heard that they may increase the risk of heart attacks.

Lecithin, phosphatidylcholine and choline - Learn more about the potential link between them and cardiovascular disease.

Increased Heart Risk

CL Answer

Does I3C (from broccoli) or DIM (a related chemical) reduce the risk of cancer?

Find out if the compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C), from broccoli, and its metabolite diindolylmethane (DIM) can reduce the risk of cancer. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

 Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and Cancer Risk -- bunches of broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower

CL Answer

Can beetroot juice improve my workout performance?

Find out if beetroot juice can help improve exercise endurance or performance, how it works, the clinical evidence, and cautions.. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Beetroot juice and exercise performance - glass of beetroot juice

CL Answer

Does Alpha Brain really improve memory, focus and cognition?

Find out if Alpha Brain really improves memory, focus and cognition. See the clinical evidence and get details about Alpha Brain ingredients, as well as potential side effects and drug interactions. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Bottle of Alpha Brain capsules

CL Answer

Is there a multivitamin that contains only the recommended daily vitamins and minerals? Most that I have looked at contain more.

Are there any multivitamins that contain only the recommended daily vitamins and minerals? Choose the best multivitamin based on age & gender.

Multivitamins with 100% Daily Requirements -- magnifying glass held over multivitamin pills

News Release

November 05, 2021

NAD Boosters for Energy and Memory? ConsumerLab Reviews NAD+, NAHD and NMN Supplements

White Plains, New York, November 5, 2021 — Most cells in the body use NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in the process of energy production, and compounds that boost blood levels of NAD are often sold in supplements marketed for a wide range of benefits, from increasing energy and ...

Recalls & Warnings

February 13, 2018

American College of Sports Medicine Warns of Energy Drink Dangers

A new statement released by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) highlights the dangers of energy drinks when consumed by children and adolescents, and calls for more studies on the safety and efficacy energy drinks.

CL Answer

Do any supplements or lifestyle changes reduce the symptoms of tinnitus? Is it true that some supplements can cause tinnitus?

Learn which supplements can ease tinnitus, including melatonin and pine bark extract. Understand which may actually cause tinnitus.

Word blocks spelling out “tinnitus”

CL Answer

Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy? Are there any to avoid?

Information about heart health supplements & vitamins that help with cholesterol, including sterol esters, CoQ10, and vitamin D, and which may be bad for the heart, like calcium.

CL Answer

Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Find out which supplements help improve memory, brain function and cognition, including fish oil, some B vitamins, cocoa, and curcumin. ConsumerLab's answer explains the evidence for supplements promoted to help with brain function and cognition.

Supplements for Memory -- doctor holding a model of a brain and fish oil capsule

Recalls & Warnings

January 16, 2018

Adverse Effects From Energy Drinks Common Among Youth and Young Adults

More than half (55.4%) of young people who have ever consumed an energy drink have experienced at least one adverse reaction, according to study published yesterday in CMAJ Open, a journal of the Canadian Medical Association.

News Release

September 11, 2021

Best CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Identified in Testing by ConsumerLab

White Plains, New York, September 11, 2021 — CoQ10 and ubiquinol, the active form of CoQ10, are often taken to offset a decline in natural levels that occurs with the use of statin (cholesterol-lowering) medication, and are also promoted for increasing energy and anti-aging effects.

Product Review

Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplements Review

Choose the Best Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplement — See the Amounts of Active "R-Isomer" We Found

News Release

June 16, 2021

Wide Variations in Ginseng Potency, Quality Revealed by ConsumerLab Tests

White Plains, New York, June 16, 2021 — Ginseng is promoted for a wide range of uses, from increasing energy, "vitality," and libido, to improving blood sugar levels and preventing colds.

Recalls & Warnings

June 20, 2019

Weight Loss, Muscle & Energy Supplements Linked to Adverse Events in Children and Young Adults

Consumption of dietary supplements sold for weight loss, muscle building, and energy are associated with an increased risk for severe medical events in children and young adults compared to the consumption of vitamins, according to a recent study published in the Journal of the Adolescent ...

Recalls & Warnings

August 16, 2013

Maker of Energy, Weight Loss, Sleep and Vitamin D Supplements Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On July 22, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to N.V.E. Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 22, 2023

Nature’s Energy Children’s Colostrum Recalled Due to Undeclared Milk

On May 18, 2023, Nature’s Energy issued a recall of six lots of Children’s Chewable Colostrum products due to undeclared milk.

News Release

September 11, 2019

Some Nutrition Bars Contain More Carbs and Less Fiber Than Listed, ConsumerLab Tests Reveal

White Plains, New York, September 11, 2019 — Nutrition bars and cookies are promoted as a convenient way to get protein, fiber and other nutrients on-the-go, but recent ConsumerLab tests of popular nutrition bars and cookies reveal that some contain more carbohydrates (as well as fat and ...

CL Answer

Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work and laboratory tests?

Find out which vitamins and supplements can interfere with blood, urine or stool tests, and imaginging tests. Learn how B vitamins such as biotin, niacin and riboflavin, as well as calcium supplements, St. John’s wort, vitamin C, and others supplements can affect test results, as well as common foods that may interfere with tests.

Vitamin & Supplements to Stop Before Blood Tests

Recalls & Warnings

June 23, 2020

BioPure Healing Products Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On June 17, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to BHP Holdings Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

November 17, 2022

FDA Warns Consumers Not to Use Male Enhancement Supplement

On November 10, 2022, the FDA warned consumers not to buy or use Sangter Natural Male Energy Supplement after FDA laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of undeclared sildenafil.

CL Answer

What are human growth hormone (HGH) supplements? What are the benefits? Are they safe?

Learn about the benefits and risks of human growth hormone (HGH) supplements and injections. Get science-based insights on usage and effects.

Man at gym taking supplement

CL Answer

What is the difference between CoQ10 and ubiquinol?

Understand the difference between CoQ10 (ubiquinone) and the active form, ubiquinol, and how they are best absorbed. ConsumerLab explains.

The Difference Between CoQ10 and Ubiquinol -- CoQ10 Supplement

CL Answer

Which supplements help with erectile dysfunction?

Supplements for erectile dysfunction. Find out which supplements can help with ED, including ginseng, L-arginine, and maca.

Man in Grey Tee Holding Water and White Supplement

CL Answer

What supplements should I stop taking before surgery?

Info on which supplements to avoid before surgery due to increased risk of bleeding or interference with anesthesia.

Supplements to stop before surgery - operating room

CL Answer

Do reishi mushroom supplements boost the immune system, or have other health benefits?

Learn more about the health benefits of reishi mushroom extract supplements, including evidence from clinical studies on cancer and diabetes, plus information about safety and price.

Reishi Mushroom Supplements for the Immune System -- reishi mushroom, mushroom powder and pills in spoons on a table

CL Answer

What are the health effects of turkey tail mushroom and is it safe?

Learn about the possible health effects of turkey tail mushroom, including its use as adjuvant treatment for cancer and for boosting immune function, plus get information about possible side effects and find out why ConsumerLab has not yet tested turkey tail products.

Turkey tail mushrooms growing on the side of a tree

CL Answer

Which supplements and lifestyle changes improve sleep, and which cause insomnia?

Find out which vitamins may help you sleep and learn if any vitamins or supplements can cause insomnia.

Recalls & Warnings

November 04, 2016

Energy Drink Linked to Case of Acute Hepatitis

A case of acute hepatitis has been linked to daily consumption of energy drinks, according to a report published on November 1, 2016, in BMJ Case Reports.

Recalls & Warnings

January 24, 2020

Fat-Burning, Energy Supplement Linked to Heart Trouble

A 33-year-old woman in Australia developed cardiac ischemia (a lack of blood flow to the heart) after taking the "fat burning" supplement Alpha Lean-7, according to a recent report in the Journal of Sports Sciences.

Recalls & Warnings

August 03, 2022

Sexual Enhancement Supplement Recalled Due to Sildenafil

On August 1, 2022, DISTRIBUTOR RFR, LLC recalled one lot of SANGTER Energy Supplement 3000 mg to the consumer level after FDA analysis found the product to contain undeclared sildenafil, a prescription medication.

CL Answer

I take levothyroxine (Synthroid), a thyroid hormone to treat hypothyroidism. Are there supplements or foods I should avoid, or be taking, due to this drug?

Is taking certain supplements and hypothyroidism medications bad? Learn which supplements can interact with thyroid hormone medications like levothyroxine (Synthroid), thyroid hormone levels, and laboratory tests.

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Supplement Interactions

Recalls & Warnings

May 04, 2023

FDA Warns MedoLife for Promoting Homeopathic Products to Treat COVID-19, Cancer

On April 19, 2023, the FDA issued a warning letter to Medolife Rx D/B/A MedoLife Corp., AELIA Inc. and Queanta Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

September 06, 2023

WEFUN Capsules Recalled Due to Undeclared Sildenafil

On August 25, 2023, WEFUN Inc. issued a recall of 300 boxes of WEFUN Capsules after FDA analysis found the product to contain undeclared sildenafil, a prescription medication.

Recalls & Warnings

May 01, 2023

TruVision Recalls Products Due to Presence of Potentially Dangerous Ingredients

On April 27, 2023, TruVision Health issued a recall of various dietary supplement products because they contain hordenine and/or octodrine/DMHA, compounds that the FDA considers to be “possibly unsafe” and which are not permitted to be sold as dietary supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

April 18, 2022

Moringa Concern: Blood Clots

A 63-year-old woman in New York with type 2 diabetes developed a blood clot in the lungs (i.e. pulmonary embolism) that her physicians suspect may have been caused by the use of a supplement containing Moringa oleifera extract (Ebhohon, Int J Emerg Med 2022).

Recalls & Warnings

January 11, 2023

Male Sexual Enhancement Supplement Found to Contain Prescription Drug

On January 9, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Distributor RFR, LLC after laboratory analysis of the company’s SANGTER Natural Male Energy Supplement found the product to contain undeclared sildenafil, a prescription medication.

News Release

July 31, 2019

ConsumerLab Tests Reveal Best CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements

White Plains, New York, July 31, 2019 — CoQ10 is among the most popular supplements, commonly taken to offset a decline in natural levels of CoQ10 that can occur with the use of statin medications, decrease statin side effects, and increase energy.

Recalls & Warnings

June 16, 2020

Seller of Silver, Arginine, and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On June 1, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to Morningstar Minerals LLC, which found the company's products, including Silver Boost, to be adulterated because they were prepared, packed, or held under conditions that violate Current Good Manufacturing Practices for dietary ...

Product Review

Astaxanthin Supplements Review

See Which Astaxanthin Products Passed or Failed CL's Tests

Astaxanthin supplements reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

When taking a statin drug like Lipitor or Crestor, are there supplements I should avoid or take?

Learn about the interactions between certain supplements and atorvastatin (Lipitor), rosuvastatin (Crestor), and other cholesterol-lowering statins.

Statin Interactions With Supplements -- close-up of statin medication box and tablets

CL Answer

Do any supplements help prevent or treat a cold?

Are there supplements that can help prevent or treat cold symptoms? Learn more about zinc, probiotics, vitamin C and more.

Supplements for Colds: Zinc, Echinacea & More -- Couple with cold, sitting on couch blowing their noses

CL Answer

Is it true that there are bits of plastic in drinking water, specialty salts, or other foods and beverages? How concerned should I be?

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic that can end up foods and beverages. Learn about microplastics found in drinking water and specialty salts. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Microplastics in water, plastic bottle of water pouring water into glass

CL Answer

Top 8 vitamins and nutrients for vegetarians and vegans

Find out which 8 supplements may be needed by vegetarians or vegans to meet all their daily nutrient requirements and learn ways to find supplements that do not contain ingredients objectionable to people following vegetarian or vegan diets.

Woman pouring supplements into her hand while sitting in front of a table on which vegetables are placed

CL Answer

What are CoQ10 side effects?

CoQ10 side effects, such as nausea, headache, and insomnia, and how you can reduce the occurrence of CoQ10 side effects. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

What is vitamin B12 and how much do I need?

Vitamin B12 dosage varies depending on your age, gender, and various other factors. Our CL Answer explains why B12 is important, the recommended dosages, deficiency, health benefits, and the best form.

Vitamin B12 Dosage, Benefits, Uses & Deficiency -- B12 Bottle and Tablets

CL Answer

Which supplements are important after bariatric surgery (i.e., weight loss or stomach-reducing surgery)? Are there any I should avoid?

Find out which supplements may help after weight loss or stomach reducing surgery, including iron and calcium, and which should be avoided.

Bypass Surgery Sign

CL Answer

What is Perque Bone Guard Forté? It is safe and effective for bone health?

Find out about the ingredients in Perque Bone Guard Forté, including which ingredients may be beneficial for osteoporosis and bone health and which may be a safety concern.

Bottle of Perque Bone Guard Forte

CL Answer

Do supplements help with Parkinson’s disease treatment or prevention?

Learn what has been shown with vitamins D and E, niacin, CoQ10, melatonin, creatine, SAMe, NAC, valerian, CoQ10, and CBD, as well as with coffee and the Mediterranean and MIND diets for treating and/or preventing Parkinson's disease.

Elderly man with parkinsons holding trembling hand while eating

CL Answer

What is lumbrokinase, does it have heart benefits, is it safe, and what should you look for, or avoid, in a lumbrokinase supplement?

Lumbrokinase is marketed as promoting healthy circulation and supporting heart health. Find out how and if lumbrokinase supplements actually work, possible safety concerns, and what to consider when choosing a lumbrokinase supplement.

Capsules of lumbrokinase poured onto a black table

News Release

June 25, 2019

ConsumerLab Tests Reveal Best B Vitamin Supplements -- 19% of B Vitamin Supplements Fail CL's Tests of Quality

White Plains, New York, June 25, 2019 — B vitamins and complexes are among the most popular supplements sold in the U.S. because B vitamins are essential for a wide range of functions in the body.

News Release

March 07, 2019

Best Coconut and MCT Oils Identified by ConsumerLab

White Plains, New York, March 7, 2019 — Coconut oil is often promoted as a "healthy fat" and an alternative source of energy to help with weight loss and in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease because it contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs).

News Release

January 31, 2019

Contamination Still an Issue in Some Greens and Whole Food Products, ConsumerLab Tests Reveal

White Plains, New York, January 31, 2019 — Powders and capsules containing ingredients such as wheat grass, spirulina, chlorella, and fruits and vegetables are a popular way to get vitamins, minerals and other plant-based nutrients, but past tests by ConsumerLab have found that these products ...

Product Review

Water Filter Pitchers Review

See the Best Pitchers For Different Filtering Needs

Product Review

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review

Many Extra Virgin Olive Oils Don't Seem to Make the Grade

Recalls & Warnings

December 13, 2016

Case of Hemorrhagic Stroke Linked to Redline Energy Drink

A case of hemorrhagic stroke has been linked to the consumption of a single energy drink, according to a report published on October 11, 2016, in The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.

CL Answer

Pros and Cons of Stevia and Other Sugar Substitutes

Learn about the pros and cons of sugar substitutes and artificial sweeteners summarized in our table within this article.

Stevia Health Benefits & Safety -- stevia leaf spoonful of stevia

Recalls & Warnings

August 16, 2023

FDA Warns Sellers of Homeopathic Products for Infants and Children

On August 9, 2023, the FDA issued a warning letter to ALVA-AMCO Pharmacal Companies, LLC and CalmCo LLC, previously named Ketomi LLC, following a review of the company websites, which found statements about company homeopathic products to be drug claims because they are intended to diagnose, cure, ...

Recalls & Warnings

July 24, 2023

ONO Overnight Oats Recalled Due to Allergen Risk

On July 18, 2023, ONO LLC issued a voluntary recall of the company’s ONO Vegan Blueberry Muffin Protein Overnight Oats due to undeclared milk.

Recalls & Warnings

June 14, 2023

Havasu Beet Root Powder Recalled Due to Allergen Risk

On June 12, 2023, Supplement Manufacturing Partner Inc. issued a recall of one lot of Havasu Nutrition’s Beet Root Powder + due to undeclared milk. The recall was initiated following a report of an allergic reaction from a consumer with a milk allergy.

Recalls & Warnings

June 19, 2023

A&Z Pharmaceutical Warned for Promoting Calcium & Vitamin D for Hair Loss, Osteoporosis & Cancer

On June 1, 2023, the FDA issued a warning letter to A&Z Pharmaceutical, Inc. following inspection of the company’s website and social media, which found statements about the company’s Chewable Calcium 600MG with Vitamin D for Kids in Orange Flavor products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

June 22, 2023

Nationwide Pharmaceutical’s Ferrous Sulfate Supplements Recalled

On June 22, 2023, the U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

November 30, 2023

Original The Rock Capsules Recalled Due to Undeclared Sildenafil

On October 18, 2023, Noah’s Wholesale, LLC issued a nationwide recall of one lot of the company’s Original The Rock capsules after FDA analysis found the product to contain undeclared sildenafil, a prescription medication.

News Release

March 22, 2016

Rhodiola: Does It Help With Depression and Anxiety and Which Brands Are Best? -- ConsumerLab.com Reviews the Evidence and Tests the Quality of Popular R. Rosea Supplements --

White Plains, New York, March 22, 2016 — Rhodiola (R. rosea) supplements are promoted to treat depression, anxiety, and fatigue — but do they really work? And do products on the market contain the right species, amounts, and appropriate doses of R.

Recalls & Warnings

September 03, 2019

Federal Court Shuts Down Two Supplement Companies Selling Weight, Joint Health and Other Supplements

On September 3, 2019, a U.S. District Court entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Basic Reset and Biogenyx, two Tennessee-based companies that sell dietary supplements and other product promoted for health benefits.

Recalls & Warnings

May 09, 2022

$149 Million in Refunds from AdvoCare Settlement

On May 5, 2022, the FTC announced it will be returning more than $149 million to individuals who sold AdvoCare supplements as distributors through the company’s multi-level-marketing (MLM) plan.

News Release

January 12, 2016

Problems Found with 32% of Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements -- ConsumerLab.com Identifies Good Choices for Men, Women, and Children

White Plains, New York, January 12, 2016 — You can't always judge a supplement by its label -- or by its price, according to a new report from ConsumerLab.com, which recently tested dozens of multivitamin/multimineral supplements.

News Release

March 05, 2015

ConsumerLab.com Shows Chinese Consumers What's Really in Foods and Supplements -- U.S. Testing Company Expands to China, Launches cn.ConsumerLab.com

White Plains, New York, March 5, 2015 — Since 1999, American consumers and doctors have turned to ConsumerLab.com (CL) to find out which nutritional products are highest in quality based independent testing. Today, CL launched a Chinese-language website cn.ConsumerLab.

Recalls & Warnings

August 03, 2023

Arsenic Poisoning in U.S. from Ayurvedic Supplements

A 75-year-old woman in California experienced arsenic poisoning after taking Ayurvedic supplements prescribed to her by a holistic energy healer, according to a report published in July in Clinical Case Reports.

Recalls & Warnings

July 12, 2023

FDA Warns Company for Promoting Kratom Products for Pain, Mood, and More

On July 3, 2023, the FDA issued a warning letter to Sunshine Trading Company, Inc.

CL Answer

Do hair loss supplements, such as Viviscal, Hair La Vie, and Nutrafol, or topical essential oils work?

Vitamins and supplements that may help with hair loss and thinning, including saw palmetto, beta-sitosterol, protein, iron, and vitamin D.

Supplements for Hair Loss -- woman looking at hairbrush

Recalls & Warnings

November 11, 2015

Consuming a Single Energy Drink May Increase Cardiovascular Risk

A recently published study found that consumption of a single caffeinated energy drink significantly increased blood pressure and noradrenaline levels in healthy young adults. The researchers noted these changes could potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

Recalls & Warnings

July 29, 2017

Increase in Calls to Poison Control Centers About Supplements

The number of calls to poison control centers in the U.S. about dietary supplement exposures increased by almost 50% between 2005 and 2012, according to a study published this week in the Journal of Medical Toxicology.

Recalls & Warnings

October 05, 2019

Advocare to Pay $150 Million to Settle Charges of Operating a Pyramid Scheme

AdvoCare International, the marketing company that sells Spark energy drink, as well as other nutrition products and supplements, has agreed to settle FTC charges that it operated an illegal pyramid scheme.

Recalls & Warnings

February 26, 2020

Company Failed to Report Adverse Events Associated With Its Nutrition Shakes

On February 12, 2020, the FDA sent a warning letter to Market America Inc for failure to submit serious adverse event reports about two of its products, as required by federal regulation. The company received two reports following serious adverse events but did not submit the proper forms:

Recalls & Warnings

February 18, 2020

Seller of CoQ10, Resveratrol and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On February 5, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to R-Garden LLC, which found the company's Vitamin O, Gamma-Zyme, L.

Recalls & Warnings

July 11, 2011

Use of "Sports Drinks" and "Energy Drinks" Discouraged by Pediatric Group

A report from the American Academy of Pediatrics outlines how sports and energy drinks are being misused and provides guidance to decrease or eliminate consumption by children and adolescents.

Recalls & Warnings

January 19, 2022

FDA Warns Seller of Carnitine and Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplements

On November 18, 2021, the FDA issued a warning letter to GeroNova Research Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 24, 2021

U.S. Marshals Seize $1.3 Million Worth of Kratom

U.S. Marshals have seized approximately $1.3 million worth of bulk kratom and kratom supplements manufactured by Atofil, LLC, a subsidiary of Premier Manufacturing Products, according to the FDA.

Recalls & Warnings

March 30, 2021

Real Water Alkaline Water Recalled for Possible Link to Liver Illness

On March 24, 2021, Real Water, Inc. recalled all sizes of Real Water bottled alkaline water because it may be linked to multiple cases of non-viral hepatitis that occurred in Las Vegas, NV in November of 2020.

News Release

December 09, 2014

Round-up of Recent Product Tests by ConsumerLab.com -- Results for B Vitamin Supplements & Energy Drinks, Garlic, NAC (N-acetyl cysteine), Iron and Omega-7 Fatty Acids

White Plains, New York, December 9, 2014 — In recent months, ConsumerLab.com has published test results for a variety of popular supplements, including B vitamins supplements and energy drinks, NAC (N-acetyl cysteine), iron and garlic. In addition, ConsumerLab.

News Release

October 08, 2013

ConsumerLab.com Reports Problems and “Top Picks” Among Bars for Energy, Fiber, Protein, Meal-Replacement, and Whole Food

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — October 8, 2013 — Which nutrition bars provide the best combination of nutrition and taste, and are accurately labeled? ConsumerLab.com recently set out to answer this question by purchasing popular bars in the U.S.

News Release

July 08, 2013

Contamination a Common Problem in "Greens" and "Whole Foods" Products According to ConsumerLab.com

White Plains, New York — July 8, 2013 — "Greens" and "whole foods" powders and pills, made from wheat grass, alfalfa, kelp, spirulina, leafy vegetables and other chlorophyll-containing ingredients, as well as fruits, were recently tested by ConsumerLab.

News Release

June 11, 2013

31% of Protein Powders and Drinks Fail Tests by ConsumerLab.com

White Plains, New York — June 11, 2013 — What's really in a scoop of "protein powder"? sIn some products, a lot less protein or a lot more carbohydrates than you would expect, and perhaps even a serving of something you don't want -- lead. That's according to recent tests by ConsumerLab.

News Release

September 27, 2012

ConsumerLab.com Reveals How Much Caffeine is in Energy Drinks -- Also Finds Some Drinks and Dietary Supplements Don't Contain Claimed Amounts of B Vitamins

White Plains, New York — September 27, 2012 — Energy shots and drinks are promoted to keep you alert and energized, attributing their effects to special formulas often "packed with B vitamins and nutrients to make it last," as a commercial for 5-hour Energy proclaims.

News Release

February 05, 2012

Fish oil and multivitamins most popular supplements in ConsumerLab.com survey -- Internet most popular place to shop

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — FEBRUARY 5, 2012 — A survey of over 10,000 savvy consumers of supplements shows the most popular supplements to be fish oil, multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium and CoQ10, in that order.

Recalls & Warnings

August 16, 2023

FDA Warns Hekma Center, LLC for Promoting Products to Treat Anemia, Diabetes, Depression, & More

On June 2, 2023, the FDA issued a warning letter to Hekma Center, LLC following review of the company’s website and social media, which found statements about the company’s Natural Supplements for Anemia, Lymf (Galium aparine), Natural Supplements for Cardiomyopathy, Magic1 (Moringa ...

Recalls & Warnings

June 05, 2020

Seller of CBD, Sleep Aids, and Cold & Flu Products Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On April 28, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to The Dragontree Apothecary LLC, which found the company's Sleep Support, Anxiety Relief, Cold & Flu Relief, and Inflammation Relief to be adulterated because they were prepared, packed, or held under conditions that ...

Recalls & Warnings

June 02, 2020

Sundial Herbal Ordered to Halt Distribution of Products

On June 1, 2020, a New York federal judge filed an order against two individuals doing business as Sundial Herbal Products to stop the company from distributing its products, which were found to be misbranded and promoted as drugs.

Recalls & Warnings

January 31, 2021

Protein and Fiber Bars Recalled Due to Allergen Risk

On January 28, 2021, think! and Interpac Technologies, Inc. issued a voluntary recall of think! Protein + Fiber Oatmeal: Farmer's Market Berry Crumble due to the potential presence of tree nuts, including almonds and pecans.

Recalls & Warnings

November 21, 2012

Distributor Warns of Counterfeit Liquid Energy Shots

On November 19, 2012, Living Essentials LLC announced the company discovered and halted the production of counterfeit versions of 5-hour ENERGY® liquid energy shots. The company filed suits against the counterfeiters in U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

August 31, 2012

Energy, Fat Loss Supplement Recalled For Ephedrine Alkaloids

On August 28, 2012, dietary supplement re-sale distributor Brand New Energy (BNE) issued a recall of EphBurn 25 after FDA testing found the product to contain ephedrine alkaloids.

News Release

October 26, 2010

ConsumerLab.com reports deficiencies in some B-complex supplements and more caffeine than expected in "shot-sized" B vitamin "energy" drinks

White Plains, New York — October 26, 2010 — Tests of B vitamin supplements, including B-complexes and shot-sized energy drinks, revealed problems with the quality of 4 out of 18 products selected for review by independent testing organization ConsumerLab.com.

Recalls & Warnings

December 07, 2016

Chocolate Hazelnut Butter CLIF Nut Butter Filled Energy Bars Recalled

On November 18, 2016, Clif Bar & Company issued a recall of one production run of Chocolate Hazelnut Butter CLIF Nut Butter Filled energy bars due to the presence of small plastic pieces found in a limited number of bars.

Recalls & Warnings

December 29, 2020

FDA Warns Five Sellers of CBD for Claims of Treating Arthritis, Alzheimer's and More

On December 22, 2020, the FDA issued warning letters to five sellers of CBD following reviews of the companies' websites, which found statements made about the companies' products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

March 26, 2021

Nine Banned Stimulants Found in Workout, Weight Loss Supplements

Recent analysis of 17 brands of sports/energy and weight loss supplements sold in the U.S. found nine prohibited stimulants formulated into eight different combinations, and none of these combinations have been studied in people.

Recalls & Warnings

March 18, 2021

Don't Drink Real Water Alkaline Water, FDA Warns After Reports of Liver Illness

On March 16, 2021, the FDA warned consumers not to drink or use Real Water bottled alkaline water while it investigates reports of hepatitis associated with the product.

Recalls & Warnings

May 23, 2020

FTC Warns 50 More Companies for Coronavirus Claims

On May 21, 2020, the FTC announced that it sent warning letters to 50 companies for selling products such as herbal products, immune system boosters, and vitamin C, with unsupported claims that they can treat coronavirus (COVID-19).

Recalls & Warnings

June 03, 2019

Vinpocetine May Cause Miscarriage or Fetal Harm

Women who are pregnant or who could become pregnant should not take Vinpocetine because it may cause miscarriage or harm fetal development, the FDA warned in a news release today.

Recalls & Warnings

April 16, 2019

DMHA and Phenibut Are Not Permitted in Dietary Supplements, Warns FDA

On April 16, 2019, the FDA announced it has issued 11 warning letters to companies whose dietary supplement products contain the drugs DMHA or phenibut, and therefore are in violation of the law.

News Release

August 16, 2010

Problems persist with ginseng supplements -- Review by ConsumerLab.com finds 45% of products don't provide full amount of ingredient or are contaminated

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — August 16, 2010 — ConsumerLab.com reported today that five out of eleven ginseng supplements recently selected for testing contained less ginseng than expected from their labels or were contaminated with lead and/or pesticides.

News Release

May 05, 2010

Tests of protein powders and drinks show some lead contamination but no melamine -- New report covers whey, soy, and rice protein supplements for body building, endurance/recovery, meal-replacment and dieting

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — MAY 5, 2010 — New tests by ConsumerLab.com found most protein powders, shakes and drinks to meet their nutrient claims, but two products were contaminated with lead (6 to 18 mcg per day) and a third product contained four extra grams of sugar.

Recalls & Warnings

February 15, 2013

Energy Drink Recalled Due To Bacterial Contamination

On December 21, 2012, NBTY issued a voluntary recall of the energy supplement MET-Rx Extreme Thermo Rage Watermelon 8 fl. oz. (Manufactured by MET-Rx Nutrition, Inc.) due to bacterial contamination.

Recalls & Warnings

May 10, 2007

FDA Warns of Two Supplements Containing Pharmaceutical-like Compounds

On May 10, 2007, the FDA advised consumers not to purchase or use "True Man" or "Energy Max" products promoted and sold as dietary supplements throughout the United States.

Recalls & Warnings

June 25, 2019

Kratom Is Dangerous and Not Proven to Treat Addiction, FDA Warns Marketers

On June 25, 2019, the FDA issued warning letter to two marketers and distributors of kratom products, listed below, for illegally selling unapproved, misbranded kratom-containing drug products with unproven claims about their ability to treat or cure opioid addiction and withdrawal symptoms.

Recalls & Warnings

July 06, 2012

Centrum Multivitamins: Breast and Colon Health Claims Pulled

On July 5, 2012, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare announced it will withdraw breast and colon health claims from its Centrum multivitamin advertising and labels, and will revise health and energy claims made on other Centrum products.

Recalls & Warnings

June 07, 2013

Nutrition Bars Recalled Due To Undeclared Milk Allergen

On June 6, 2013, Sequel Naturals Ltd. issued a recall of Vega sports, nutrition and energy bars because they contain undeclared milk. Consumption of these bars can cause serious or life-threatening reactions in people with an allergy to milk.

Recalls & Warnings

April 18, 2013

Cardio, Energy and Sexual Enhancement Supplement Distributor Warned For Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On December 21, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to ForMor Inc, dba ForMor International, following a facility inspection which found the company's Cardio Cocktail and Argenix dietary supplements to be adulterated because because they were prepared, packed, or held under conditions that do ...

Recalls & Warnings

September 30, 2015

Weight and Energy Supplement Contains Synthetic "Amphetamine"

On September 21, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to TruVision Health LLC. because the company's supplement tru Weight & Energy lists a synthetic, amphetamine-like compound, AMP (also called 1,3-dimethylbutylamine or DMBA) on product labels. 

Recalls & Warnings

June 03, 2015

Maker of B-12 Energy Supplement Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On May 15, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to LiquidCapsule Manufacturing, LLC.

Recalls & Warnings

December 02, 2014

Seller of Energy & Joint Supplements, Aloe, Silver and More Warned for Drug Claims

On November 24, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Jansen Enterprises, LLC, dba HealthWorksUSA, following an inspection of the company's website which found statements made about Nutra Blast Natural Energy, Ionic Silver Water, Nutra Complete, and Nutra Gel to be drug claims. 

Recalls & Warnings

November 25, 2007

Recall of Men's "Sexual Energy" Supplement Expanded to Include "Energy Max" Product

On November 16, 2007, American True Man Health Incorporated announced that it is expanding it's voluntary recall of the Company's dietary supplement product sold under the name and identified as True Man's Sexual Energy Nutriment Men's Formula with the expiration date up to and including December ...

Recalls & Warnings

July 10, 2018

Blissful Remedies Kratom Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk

On June 30, 2018, Blissful Remedies issued a recall of three kratom products because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.  

Recalls & Warnings

June 19, 2018

FDA Warns Seller of Weight Control Patches

On June 6, 2018, the FDA issued a warning letter to Health Management Group, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 29, 2018

FDA Warns Seller of "Aromatase Inhibitor" Supplement

On May 18, 2018, the FDA issued a warning letter to Performance Nutrition Formulators LLC d.b.a. VMI Sports because its product Arimistane contains Androsta-3,5-Diene-7,17-Dione, an ingredient that the FDA considers to be a new drug and not a dietary supplement ingredient.

Recalls & Warnings

April 21, 2018

NxtGen Botanicals Maeng Da Kratom Recalled

On April 18, 2018, NGB Corp. of West Jordan, Utah issued a recall of NxtGen Botanicals Maeng Da Kratom labeled bottles of encapsulated product because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella. To date, one illness has been reported to the FDA.

Recalls & Warnings

April 09, 2018

Kratom Powders and Capsules Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk

On April 5, 2018, Club 13 issued a recall of certain kratom powders and capsules because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.

Recalls & Warnings

November 27, 2018

High Levels of Lead Found in Kratom Products

Some kratom products contain levels of lead and nickel that are not considered safe for human consumption, according to tests conducted by the FDA.

Recalls & Warnings

September 19, 2018

FDA Warns Seller of Shilajit

On September 6, 2018, the FDA issued a warning letter to Adaptive Energy LLC, following an inspection of the company's website, which found statements made about its shilajit product, Purblack were found to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

September 09, 2018

Higenamine -- A Potentially Dangerous Stimulant -- Found in Some Supplements

A recent study found concerningly high doses of the stimulant higenamine in some weight loss, energy and sports supplements sold in the U.S. Higenamine is a naturally-occurring stimulant which is permitted to be sold as a dietary supplement ingredient in the U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

April 10, 2021

HI-TECH Workout Supplements Recalled Due to Undeclared Allergens

On April 3, 2021, HI-TECH Pharmaceuticals issued a recall of all lots of APS Nutrition Isomorph 28 in a 2lb jug because they contain undeclared milk, wheat, and soy.

News Release

August 12, 2008

ConsumerLab.com finds improvements in labeling of nutrition bars but potential pitfalls exist -- New report compares 20 bars, including those for protein, fiber, energy and whole food

WHITE PLAINS, NY — August 12, 2008 — Labeling on nutrition bars has become more accurate, according to a new report by ConsumerLab.com.

News Release

August 20, 2007

ConsumerLab tests products in booming nutrition drink market — most deliver what's promised but extra cholesterol found in some — New report covers drinks and powders for endurance/recovery, body building, meal-replacement and dieting

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — AUGUST 20, 2007 — A new report from ConsumerLab.com finds most nutrition powders, shakes and drinks meet their nutrient claims, but three products — two sports drinks and a meal supplement — contained more cholesterol than claimed.

News Release

May 24, 2006

Problems persist with ginseng supplements — ConsumerLab.com finds nearly half of products lack ingredient or contaminated

WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK — May 24, 2006 — ConsumerLab.com has released test results for dietary supplements made with ginseng, a popular herb promoted for vitality and the treatment or prevention of a range of medical conditions.

News Release

June 20, 2005

Quality problems widespread among ginseng products sold in Japan. — Nearly two-thirds of products fail ConsumerLab.com testing due to pesticide contamination and missing or substandard ingredients

WHITE PLAINS, NY — JUNE 20, 2005 — Among 14 brands of ginseng dietary supplements recently purchased in Japan and tested by ConsumerLab.com, only 5 products passed independent testing by ConsumerLab.com.

News Release

February 08, 2005

ConsumerLab.com reports on nutrition bars — Highlights major differences, inaccuracies, and urges consumers to "know your bar"

WHITE PLAINS, NY — February 8, 2005 — ConsumerLab.com reported test results today for 34 nutrition bars, including those designed for high protein, low-carb/diet, energy, or meal-replacement.

Recalls & Warnings

December 06, 2013

Weight Loss Supplement Claims Challenged

On November 27, 2013, the National Advertising Division (NAD) recommended HealthyLife Sciences, LLC, modify or discontinue the use of certain claims made about the company's weight loss supplement Healthe Trim.

Recalls & Warnings

January 28, 2014

Emergen-C Settles False Advertising Lawsuit

Alacer Corp., marketers of Emergen-C, has agreed to pay $6.45 million to settle a class action lawsuit which charged the company made false claims that the vitamin C supplement could boost immunity, energy and metabolism.

Recalls & Warnings

November 20, 2013

Another Meth-Like Compound Discovered In Weight Loss Supplements

A "non-natural" amphetamine-like compound, identified as beta-methylphenethylamine, was discovered in nine supplements recently tested by FDA scientists.

Recalls & Warnings

June 14, 2013

Protein And Nutrition Bars Recalled Due To Undeclared Milk Allergen

On June 13, 2013, the U.S. FDA alerted consumers that Sequel Naturals Ltd., dba Vega, issued a voluntary recall of a variety of Vega One and Vega Sport protein bars because the bars contain undeclared milk.

Recalls & Warnings

August 29, 2012

Herbal Supplement Company Warned For Medical Claims

On August 2, 2012, the FDA issued a warning to HSAC Enterprises, Inc. dba Kare-N-Herbs subsequent to a facility inspection and website review in May 2012 which found statements made about Kold Kare, Energy Kare and Tranquility Kare dietary supplements to constitute drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

October 15, 2012

Recall of Nutrition Bars Containing Peanut Butter Due To Salmonella Risk

On October 11 and 12, 2012, four brands of nutrition bars were voluntarily recalled due to possible salmonella contamination of the peanut butter used in each of these bars. The peanut butter was produced by Sunland Inc., and is part of a larger recall of Sunland's peanut butter and peanut products.

Recalls & Warnings

March 19, 2009

QVC Settles Charges of False Claims for Supplements

On March 19, 2009, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that QVC, Inc., a TV home shopping channel and one of the world’s largest multimedia retailers, has agreed to pay $7.

Recalls & Warnings

July 19, 2014

Powdered Caffeine Can Be Lethal, FDA Warns

On July 18, 2014, the FDA warned consumers to avoid powdered pure caffeine sold in bulk bags over the internet.

Recalls & Warnings

December 30, 2014

Maker of Aloe, Weight Loss Supplements and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On December 17, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Dandy Day Corporation, following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including Aloe Pearl, Alfalo, Aloespring, Crave Away, Original Supreme Energy, Ener "G," Can G, Flora G, Flora G Plus, and Garolic, to be adulterated ...

Recalls & Warnings

September 27, 2016

Seller of B Vitamins, Omega-3s and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On September 15, 2016, the FDA issued a warning letter to Positive Power Nutrition, following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including High Energy C-Complex, Positive Vitality, Positive Performance, Positive CardioGuard, B-Complex 100, Positive Essentials, Positive ...

Recalls & Warnings

June 02, 2016

Clif Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk

On June 2, 2016, Clif Bar & Company issued a recall of certain energy and trail mix bars because they contain sunflower kernels which have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. 

Recalls & Warnings

February 24, 2015

Seller of Antioxidant Water, Energy Drops Warned for Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On February 18, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Better Health Lab, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

June 11, 2015

FDA Warns Maker of Fruit Energy Drinks for Drug Claims

On May 19, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to CK Management, Inc. following a facility inspection which found statements made on product labels and websites about Whole5, Fruit of the Spirit and ViaViente "whole food" fruit puree energy drinks to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

April 03, 2018

FDA Issues Mandatory Recall of Salmonella-Contaminated Kratom Products

On April 2, 2018, the FDA issued a mandatory recall of all food products containing powdered kratom manufactured, processed, packed, or held by Triangle Pharmanaturals LLC because several of company's products were found to be contaminated with Salmonella.

Recalls & Warnings

April 02, 2018

NutriZone Kratom Supplements Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk

On March 10, 2018, NutriZone, LLC issued a recall of certain kratom-containing powder products because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.

Recalls & Warnings

August 16, 2018

Kratom Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk

On August 14, 2018, Zakah Life, LLC issued a recall of Super Green Maeng Da Premium Kratom powder, Powerful Red Vein Bali Premium Kratom powder, Super Green Maeng Da Premium Kratom capsules, and Powerful Red Vein Bali Premium Kratom capsules because laboratory testing revealed the presence of ...

News Release

March 02, 2004

ConsumerLab.com survey finds most consumers highly satisfied with supplements; Ratings vary by brand

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 2, 2004 — ConsumerLab.com announced today that 78% of consumers recently surveyed report being "extremely" or "very" satisfied with the supplement brands they used. Ratings varied by brand. The highest rating was for Nutrilite (96%), a direct sales brand.

Recalls & Warnings

January 23, 2013

USPLabs Settles Class Action Lawsuit Over Controversial DMAA Ingredient

On December 18, 2012, a settlement was approved in the class action lawsuit against USPLabs, which alleged the company's use of the ingredient DMAA (1,3-dimethylamine) in the supplements OxyELITEPRO and Jacked3d was not safe or legal.

Recalls & Warnings

March 09, 2012

Maker of Inhaled Caffeine Product Gets Warning

The U.S. FDA issued a Warning Letter to Breathable Foods, Inc. (dated March 5, 2012) advising that their product AeroShot, which is promoted for "breathable energy," is falsely labeled (misbranded).

Recalls & Warnings

October 16, 2013

Methamphetamine-Like Compound Found In Popular Workout Supplement

A study published on October 14, 2013 (Cohen, Drug Test Analysis 2013) reports that the popular pre-workout energy supplement Craze (Driven Sports) has been found to contain the banned methamphetamine — like compound, N, á-diethylphenylethylamine.

Recalls & Warnings

September 05, 2013

Seller of Herbal Supplements and "Tonics" Warned For Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On May 24, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Sundial Herbal Products following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including Woman Back Tonic, Koromantee, Wood and Root Tonic, Arthritis, Asthma, Diabetics, Sundial Ashanti Weight Loss Energy Lifter, Appetite Suppresser, ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 23, 2015

Maker of Vitamin Drinks Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On January 7, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to NYSW Beverage Brands, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

October 08, 2014

Consumers Who Have Purchased Red Bull May Qualify for Cash Payment or Free Red Bull Products

Consumers who purchased Red Bull products in the United States between January 1, 2002 and October 3, 2014 may be entitled to a $10 cash payment or two free Red Bull products, according to a proposed settlement of two class action lawsuits.

Recalls & Warnings

March 17, 2015

Seller of Tea Warned for Drug Claims

On March 4, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Four Elements Organic Herbals, LLC because statements made about HERBAL TEA Power, Energy & Stamina, ORGANIC HERBAL TEA Tulsi TelepaTea, ORGANIC HERBAL TEA To Your Health, Hawthorn Fresh Herb Extract, Elderberry Fresh Herb ...

Recalls & Warnings

October 17, 2015

23,000 ER Visits Linked to Supplements: Palpitations, Swallowing Problems, Allergies Common

Approximately 23,000 emergency room visits per year are attributed to adverse events linked to the use dietary supplements, according to a large, long-term study by the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Recalls & Warnings

June 15, 2016

More Nutrition Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk

The following nutrition bars are being recalled because they contain sunflower kernels or may have come in contact with equipment processing sunflower kernels which have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes (use the links below for affected lot numbers, UPC, and/or ...

Recalls & Warnings

March 15, 2016

FDA Warns Sellers of Weight and Workout Supplements Containing Acacia Rigidula

On March 7, 2016, the FDA issued warning letters to five sellers of supplements which were labeled as containing Acacia rigidula, an ingredient which is not permitted in dietary supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

May 10, 2016

Multis and Energy Mixes Recalled

On May 9, 2016, Let's Talk Health, Inc. issued a recall of the following supplements because they contain the undeclared allergens soy and milk: 

Recalls & Warnings

July 20, 2017

Jail Time for Seller of Spiked Supplements

On July 18, 2017, Derek Vest, the former president of Gentech Pharmaceutical located in Fort Meyers, Florida, was sentenced to 18 months in prison for introducing misbranded food into interstate commerce.

Recalls & Warnings

July 08, 2017

CDC Warns Against Placenta Pills After Infant Becomes Sick

An infant in Oregon whose mother began taking capsules of dried placenta three days after giving birth was diagnosed with late-onset group B Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) bacteremia, a strep infection which was linked to the placenta pill, according to a recently published report from the ...

Recalls & Warnings

May 26, 2017

"Allergy" Supplement Containing Ephedra Recalled

On February 7, 2017, MusclMasster, LLC (DBA The Green Herb) of Wheat Ridge, CO issued a recall of all bottles of Al-Er-G Capsules , a product promoted to help allergies, because they contain ephedra.

Recalls & Warnings

May 26, 2017

Herbal "Sexual Enhancement Coffee" Recalled, One Death Reported

On May 25, 2017, Caverflo.com issued a recall of Caverflo Natural Herbal Coffee, an "herbal" instant coffee promoted for sexual enhancement, because it was found to contain the drugs sildenafil and tadalafil. 

Recalls & Warnings

February 06, 2018

FDA Links 44 Deaths to Kratom

On February 6, 2018, FDA announced it is now aware of 44 deaths associated with the use of kratom, an herb often promoted for pain relief, energy and for treating opioid withdrawal symptoms. This is an increase from the 36 deaths associated with kratom that the agency reported in November 2017.

Recalls & Warnings

November 14, 2017

36 Deaths Associated With the Use of Kratom Products

On November 14, 2017, FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. issued a statement on the dangers of using products containing kratom, an herb often promoted for pain relief, energy and for treating opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Recalls & Warnings

October 18, 2017

FDA Warns Seller of Arthritis, Blood Pressure, Diabetes Supplements For Making Drug Claims

On August 15, 2017, the FDA issued a warning letter to Years to Your Health, Inc., following an inspection of the company's website which found a number of their products to be misbranded, as they contained drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

October 04, 2017

Police Officer Dies From Kratom Overdose, Herb Currently Legal in Most States

A police officer who worked in narcotics in Tupper Lake, New York, died this summer of an overdose of the herb kratom, according to a report from ABC News.

Recalls & Warnings

September 26, 2017

FDA Warns Seller of DHEA, Creatine, Chromium & More for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On August 25, 2017, the FDA issued a warning letter to Mega-Pro Nutrition, Inc., following inspections of the facility and website www.mega-pro.

Recalls & Warnings

August 29, 2017

FDA Warns Seller of Supplements for Allergies, Joint Pain, Bone Health, and More

On August 16, 2017, the FDA issued a warning letter to Total Nutrition, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

August 20, 2013

Weight Loss Supplement Formulas For Men and Women Recalled Due To Undeclared Drugs

On August 16, 2013, Herbal Give Care LLC issued a voluntary recall of all lots of weight loss dietary supplements Esbelder man, Esbelder fem and Esbelder siloutte because they were found to contain the undeclared drugs sibutramine, N-desmethylsibutramine, and N-di-desmethylsibutramine.

Recalls & Warnings

August 01, 2013

Fat Loss and Muscle Enhancement Supplements Found To Contain DMAA

On June 17, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Formulife, Inc., dba Purus Labs, Inc., following a facility inspection which found the dietary supplements Fat Smack XR Thermolipolytic, Muscle Marinade Fresh Fruit and Muscle Marinade Cherry Limeade to contain DMAA.

Recalls & Warnings

July 26, 2013

Safety of Certain Weight Loss and Bodybuilding Supplements Called Into Question

On July 25, 2013, USA Today reported that several supplements, including weight loss, body building and sports nutrition supplements, have come under scrutiny after being found to contain illegal ingredients, or were associated with failed drug tests and adverse events.

Recalls & Warnings

February 13, 2013

Manufacturer of Heart, Multivitamin, Cranberry, and Longevity Supplements Warned For Adulteration and Drug Claims

On January 29, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to M.D.R. Fitness Corp. following a facility inspection which found violations of good manufacturing practices which cause the company's products to be adulterated. 

Recalls & Warnings

November 01, 2016

FDA Warns Consumers Not to Use Twelve Energy and Sexual Enhancement Supplements

The FDA recently warned consumers not to buy or use the following "energy" and sexual enhancement supplements, which are sold on various websites and in some retail stores, because they were found to contain undeclared drugs: 

Recalls & Warnings

March 19, 2014

Maker of Herbal Capsules and Extracts Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On September 19, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Herbalist and Alchemist, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

June 24, 2014

CELLFOOD Recalled in Canada

On June 23, 2014, Health Canada recalled CELLFOOD (Nu Science), a supplement promoted for improved energy, endurance and natural health, because it was found to be an unauthorized health product.

Recalls & Warnings

April 03, 2014

Maker of Green Coffee Bean Extract and Weight Loss Supplement Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On March 13, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Libi Labs, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

March 03, 2012

FDA Warns Vitaganic of Manufacturing Violations

On February 8, 2012, the U.S. FDA sent a Warning Letter to Vitaganic, Inc. regarding violations of Current Good Manufacturing Practic (CGMP) regulations for dietary supplements found during an inspection of it manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale, California in October 2011.

Recalls & Warnings

January 04, 2012

Seller of "HCG Drops" for Weight Loss Warned by FDA and FTC of Violations

On December 21, 2011, the U.S. FDA and FTC sent a joint Warning Letter to hCG Drops LLC regarding its marketing of Slim Diet Drops. According to the letter, the product is considered an unapproved drug because it is promoted for drug-like uses on the company's website, including the following:

Recalls & Warnings

May 07, 2012

FDA Warns Doctor Promoting Own Supplements Online as Treatments

On April 18, 2012 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sent a Warning Letter to Jacob Teitelbaum, M.D. of Fatigued to Fantastic, LLC regarding the promotion that company's products on its website www.endfatigue.com.

Recalls & Warnings

October 25, 2013

Supplement Company Warned For Numerous Manufacturing Violations

On August 2, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to DNE Nutraceuticals, Inc., following a facility inspection which found the company's products to be adulterated because they were packed, or held under conditions that violate Current Good Manufacturing Practices for dietary supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

December 19, 2013

Maker of Joint Health Supplements Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On December 4, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to PurQuality, LLC.

Recalls & Warnings

April 04, 2012

Maker of Protein Drinks and Supplements Warned of Manufacturing Violations

The FDA published a Warning Letter to Protica, Inc., a maker of protein drinks and supplements, regarding violations of manufacturing regulations discovered during inspection of its facility in Whitehall, PA. Affected products include the foods Amped Up-2oz, Fireball-2oz, Healthy Shot-2.

Recalls & Warnings

June 23, 2018

Gaia Kratom Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk

On June 21, 2018, Gaia Ethnobotanical, LLC issued a recall of 27 kratom products because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.

Recalls & Warnings

February 22, 2018

Kratom Supplements Recalled and Destroyed

On February 21, 2018, the FDA announced the voluntary destruction and recall of Botany Bay, Enhance Your Life and Divinity kratom supplements. All of the products were manufactured and distributed nationwide by Divinity Products Distribution, located in Grain Valley, Missouri.

Recalls & Warnings

February 20, 2018

Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Kratom Powders, Pills and Teas

On February 20, 2018, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) warned consumers not to use kratom in any form because it could be contaminated with Salmonella. The CDC is currently investigating an outbreak of illness caused by Salmonella infection associated with the use of kratom.

News Release

January 13, 2004

ConsumerLab.com finds discrepancies in strength of CoQ10 supplements — Increasingly popular supplement, but health professionals and consumers cautioned to check brands

WHITE PLAINS, NY — January 13, 2004 — (Updated January 30) — ConsumerLab.com today announced that among the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements it recently tested there was no detectable CoQ10 in one product.

Recalls & Warnings

March 17, 2004

Marketers of “Focus Factor” and “V-Factor” Fined for Advertising Claims

On March 17 , 2004 the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reported that the marketers of “Focus Factor,” a dietary supplement that purports to improve concentration, and “V-Factor,” a supplement that purports to enhance sexual performance, have agreed to settle charges that they made numerous ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 11, 2002

Canada Requests Recall of Certain Ephedra/Ephedrine Products

OTTAWA - January 10, 2002 - Health Canada is requesting a recall from the market of certain products containing Ephedra/ephedrine after a risk assessment concluded that these products pose a serious risk to health.

Recalls & Warnings

March 13, 2020

FDA Finds Problems at 52% of Supplement Manufacturing Sites in U.S. and 42% Abroad

ConsumerLab.com has obtained results of the FDA's inspections in Fiscal Year 2019 (October 1, 2018 - September 30, 2019) of 598 dietary supplement manufacturing facilities in the U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

January 31, 2002

Recall Update for Certain Metabolife Bars - Excessive Vitamin A

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released the following Class I recall information in its January 30, 2002 Enforcement Report.

Recalls & Warnings

January 24, 2009

Many Brands of Nutrition Bars Recalled Due to Potential Salmonella Contamination

Due to salmonella contamination in peanut butter produced by Peanut Corporation of America, manufacturers of nutrition and snack bars made with this material have recently issued voluntary recalls.

Recalls & Warnings

October 27, 2013

Ingredient In Workout Supplements May Be Unsafe, FDA Warns

On October 11, 2013, the FDA directed USP Labs, LLC to cease distribution of workout supplement OxyElite Pro and and muscle-building supplement VERSA-1, which are labeled as containing the ingredient aegeline, or N-[2-hydroxy-2(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl]-3-phenyl-2-propenamide.

Recalls & Warnings

September 27, 2013

Company Warned For Distributing Weight Loss Supplement Containing DMAA, Drug Claims

On September 6, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Pure Energy Products, Inc., following a facility inspection which found that the company distributes a weight loss supplement, called obestrim, which contains dimethylamylamine, or DMAA.

Recalls & Warnings

April 12, 2013

FDA Warns Consumers About The Dangers Of DMAA

On April 11, 2013, the FDA warned consumers about the dangers of dietary supplements containing the ingredient 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA).

Recalls & Warnings

May 23, 2013

Maker of Liver Detox and Insulin Supplements Warned For Drug Claims

On April 24, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Glucorell, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 17, 2013

Hoodia, Sexual Enhancement Supplements and More Found To Be Adulterated, Misbranded

On March 01, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Desert Rose Manufacturing, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

April 16, 2012

Protein Supplement Maker Fails FDA Audit -- Many Products Affected

The FDA sent a Warning Letter (dated April 2, 2012) to Theta Brothers Sports Nutrition, Inc. regarding numerous violations of good manufacturing practices at its Lakewood, New Jersey facility.

Recalls & Warnings

February 20, 2013

FDA Warns USPLabs For Adulteration and Drug Claims

On December 4, 2012 the FDA issued a warning letter to USPLabs, LLC following facility inspections which found the company's products, including dietary supplements Jacked3d, OxyElite Pro, Prime, and Super Cissus, to be adulterated because they were prepared, packed, or held under conditions that ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 24, 2013

"Thermo Stimulating" Supplement Recalled -- Contained DMAA

On January 23, 2013, Health Canada advised consumers not to use certain batches of Muscletech Hydroxystim capsules which were found to contain DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) and have been recalled by their distributor.

Recalls & Warnings

December 21, 2012

Weight Loss Supplement Containing Undeclared Drug Recalled

On December 19, 2012, P&J Trading issued a voluntary recall of SLIMDIA REVOLUTION after FDA testing found the dietary supplement contains undeclared sibutramine.

Recalls & Warnings

September 18, 2012

Men’s Sexual Enhancement Supplement Containing Prescription Drug Recalled

On September 12, 2012, Body Basics Inc. issued a voluntary nationwide recall of ACTRA-Sx 500 Dietary Supplement Capsules after independent laboratory testing confirmed the supplement contains the prescription drug sildenafil citrate.

Recalls & Warnings

March 21, 2014

Products Containing Kratom Recalled Following FDA Import Alert

On March 14, 2014, SNI National issued a voluntary recall of all kratom supplements, including kratom XL 4 Pack, Maeng Da Kratom 10 Pack, Max Kratom 20 Pack, and Bali Kratom 40 pack, following an FDA-issued import alert on all products containing this ingredient.

Recalls & Warnings

February 13, 2014

Maker of Cholesterol and Workout Supplements Warned For Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims and Unapproved Ingredient

On January 31, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Exclusive Supplements Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

September 30, 2014

U.S. Marshals Seize $5 Million Worth of Kratom

On September 25, 2014, U.S. Marshals seized more than 25,000 pounds of raw kratom valued at over $5 million from Rosefield Management, Inc. in Van Nuys, California. The action was taken at the request of the FDA.

Recalls & Warnings

February 17, 2015

Seller of Muscle Supplements Containing Synthetic Steroids Warned

On February 9, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to A2Z Industries, LLC, following a facility inspection which found the company's muscle enhancing supplements, including HaloV and EPI2A3A to be labeled as containing synthetic steroids.

Recalls & Warnings

February 16, 2016

Work Out and Weight Supplements Contain Synthetic Amphetamine-Like Compound

On February 3, 2016, the FDA issued a warning letter to ATS Labs, LLC because labels for the company's work out and weight loss supplements CFI, Weapon-X Pre-Workout Extreme, and Lady Lean list a synthetic, amphetamine-like compound, 4-amino-2-methylpentane citrate (also called ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 12, 2016

Over $400,000 Worth of Kratom Supplements Seized by U.S. Marshals

On January 6, 2016, U.S. Marshals seized nearly 90,000 bottles of dietary supplements labeled as containing kratom (brand name RelaKzpro) valued at over $400,000, from Dordoniz Natural Products LLC in South Beloit, Illinois. The action was taken at the request of the FDA.

Recalls & Warnings

October 14, 2015

No Vinpocetine in Some Vinpocetine Supplements; Picamilon Labels Not Accurate

A recently published study of 23 supplements listing vinpocetine as an ingredient found six did not contain any vinpocetine. Among those that did contain vinpocetine, most did not list amounts on the label, but amounts found in suggested daily servings varied by almost 100-fold, from 0.

Recalls & Warnings

February 28, 2015

Drugs Found in Male Enhancement Supplements

On December 11, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Biogenix USA, LLC, following a facility inspection which found the company's sexual enhancement products, HAM, CE6 and SARMZ to contain undeclared drugs, as well as drugs which were listed on the label but are not permitted ...

Recalls & Warnings

April 29, 2015

FDA Targets Weight Loss and Workout Supplements Listing Synthetic Stimulant DMBA

On April 24, 2015, the FDA issued warning letters to sellers of weight loss and workout supplements that list a synthetic, amphetamine-like compound called 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (DMBA) on product labels. 

Recalls & Warnings

April 08, 2015

Does Your Weight Loss or Sports Supplement Contain Synthetic Amphetamine?

A study published on April 7, 2015, reported that among 21 weight loss, sports and cognitive enhancement supplements labeled as containing the plant extract Acacia rigidula, more than half were found to contain a synthetic, amphetamine-like compound called beta- methylphenylethylamine ...

Recalls & Warnings

September 26, 2015

Seller of Muscle Supplements and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On August 14, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Chaotic Labz, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

September 05, 2015

Maker of Multivitamin and Fish Oil Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On July 22, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Westar Nutritional Corp. dba Viva Life Science, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

July 02, 2015

Maker of Arthritis Supplement Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On June 17, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Desert Stream, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

June 17, 2015

Maker of Joint Supplement Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On May 29, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Total Health Advanced Nutrition, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

September 02, 2016

Kratom To Be Classified a Schedule I Controlled Substance

On August 30, 2016, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) announced its intent to classify the active compounds (mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine) in kratom as Schedule I controlled substances.  

Recalls & Warnings

August 05, 2016

U.S. Marshals Seize $150,00 Worth of Kratom

On August 4, 2016, the FDA announced that U.S. Marshals seized approximately $150,000 worth of dietary supplements labeled as containing kratom from Nature Therapeutics (dba Kratum Therapy). The action was taken at the request of the FDA.

Recalls & Warnings

April 16, 2016

Workout Supplement Containing Acacia Rigidula Recalled

On March 18, 2016, Nubreed Nutrition, Inc. issued a recall of all lots of its "pre-workout" supplement Undisputed which is labeled as containing Acacia rigidula, an ingredient which is not permitted in dietary supplements. 

Recalls & Warnings

April 05, 2016

Muscle Enhancement Supplement Recalled

On April 5, 2016, Invisiblu International LLC issued a recall of one lot of the muscle enhancement supplement Continuum Labs LGD-Xtreme because it contains LGD-4033 Ligandrol. The risks of this ingredient are not known.

Recalls & Warnings

February 09, 2017

Herbal Supplement Found to Contain Ephedra Alkaloids Recalled

On February 7, 2017, Kingsway Trading Inc. issued a recall of Xanthium & Siler Combo (Bi Yan Pian) Dietary Supplement because it contains ephedra alkaloids.

Recalls & Warnings

November 29, 2016

Bentonite Clay Promoted for "Detoxification" Contaminated With Lead

On June 17, 2016, the FDA issued a warning letter to Best Bentonite, following a facility inspection and laboratory analysis of product sample which found the company's Best Bentonite to be contaminated with lead.

Recalls & Warnings

November 25, 2016

DMAA Product Recalled

On November 23, 2016, NutriVitaShop (a dba of Naturecom Inc.) issued a recall of its DMAA net weight 500g because it may contain DMAA.

Recalls & Warnings

March 10, 2018

Kratom Supplements Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk

On March 10, 2018, PDX Aromatics of Portland, Oregon DBA Kraken Kratom, Phytoextractum, and Soul Speciosa issued a recall of certain kratom-containing powder products because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.

News Release

January 09, 2004

USANA products pass ConsumerLab.com screening for substances banned from Olympics

WHITE PLAINS, NY — January 9, 2004 — ConsumerLab.com announced today that six additional products have passed its Athletic Banned Substances Screening Program. ConsumerLab.com tested the products at the request of USANA, a supplement manufacturer. ConsumerLab.

News Release

December 08, 2003

ConsumerLab.com dispels myths about HGH human growth hormone supplements sold widely on Internet

WHITE PLAINS, NY — December 8, 2003 — ConsumerLab.com has released a review of the scientific evidence behind human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) supplements.

News Release

August 28, 2003

Some problems persist with ginseng supplements but overall quality improves according to ConsumerLab.com — Test results published online today

WHITE PLAINS, NY — August 28, 2003 — In contrast to its testing three years ago in which nearly 60% of Asian and American Ginseng supplements were found to have significant problems, testing of recently purchased products by ConsumerLab.

Recalls & Warnings

March 16, 2006

Garden of Life, Maker of Primal Defense, Settles FTC Charges

On March 9, 2006, The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that an operation that marketed dietary supplements sold at Whole Foods Market, GNC, the Vitamin Shoppe, and on the Internet settled FTC charges that they made deceptive advertising claims about their supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

October 18, 2005

FTC Stops False Claims about HGH Oral Spray

On October 18, 2005, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that, at its request, a federal court issued a temporary restraining order against marketers of oral sprays that supposedly contain human growth hormone (HGH) to stop them from making alleged false and deceptive claims and from ...

Recalls & Warnings

July 30, 2004

FTC Sues Florida Man for Illegal Spam and False "Human Growth Hormone" Product Claims

On July 29, 2004, The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reported that a federal court in Chicago has issued a court order halting illegal spamming and deceptive product claims, and has also frozen the assets of Creaghan A. Harry, a resident of Boca Raton, Florida.

Recalls & Warnings

January 03, 2004

FDA to Prohibit Sales of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra

On December 30, 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer alert of its forthcoming determination that dietary supplements containing ephedra present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury, and should not be consumed.

Recalls & Warnings

February 01, 2013

DMAA Supplement Linked to Runner's Death

The cause of death of London marathon runner Claire Squires has been ruled by the investigating coroner as cardiac failure due to extreme exertion, complicated by DMAA toxicity.

Recalls & Warnings

July 27, 2012

Prescription and Street Drug Alternatives Found in Male Enhancement, Mood, and Sleep Supplements

On July 10, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to Evol Nutrition Associates, Inc. subsequent to a 2011 inspection which found a number of the company's products contained prescription and investigational drugs and were misbranded.

Recalls & Warnings

May 01, 2009

FDA Warns Consumers to Stop Using Hydroxycut -- Product Being Tested by ConsumerLab.com

On May 1, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned consumers to immediately stop using Hydroxycut products by Iovate Health Sciences Inc., of Oakville, Ontario and distributed by Iovate Health Sciences USA Inc. of Blasdell, N.Y.

Recalls & Warnings

March 01, 2013

Manufacturer of Joint, Weight Loss, Muscle Supplements and More Warned for Adulteration, Misbranding and Drug Claims

On February 4, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to DC Nutrition, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

November 04, 2016

Liver Injuries Linked With Dietary Supplement Use on the Rise

The number of liver injuries associated with dietary supplement use has increased substantially in recent years, according to a recently published study in the journal Hepatology.

Recalls & Warnings

October 28, 2015

GNC Accused of Selling Supplements with Unlawful Ingredients

On October 22, 2015, Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum filed a lawsuit against supplement retailer GNC, alleging that the company sold products that were adulterated with BMPEA and picamilon, which are not lawful dietary supplement ingredients.

Recalls & Warnings

December 12, 2014

Seller of B-12, Zinc, Echinacea and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On November 14, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Scientific Botanicals Company, Inc.

News Release

May 05, 2002

Study finds supplement users avoid prescription drugs due to side effects, not cost — Brands top rated by users also identified in new survey by ConsumerLab.com

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 5, 2002 — ConsumerLab.com, traditionally known for its independent laboratory evaluations of dietary supplements and nutritional products, announced surprising findings today from a new survey of supplement users.

News Release

March 06, 2002

Study finds supplement users avoid prescription drugs due to side effects, not cost — Brands top rated by users also identified in new survey by ConsumerLab.com

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 6, 2002 — ConsumerLab.com, traditionally known for its independent laboratory evaluations of dietary supplements and nutritional products, announced surprising findings today from a new survey of supplement users.

News Release

October 30, 2001

Sixty percent of nutrition bars fail to meet claims in ConsumerLab.com tests — "Low Carb" bars often loaded with carbohydrates; excess sodium and saturated fat also found

WHITE PLAINS, NY — October 30, 2001 — ConsumerLab.com, an independent evaluator of dietary supplements and nutrition products, released results today of its Nutrition Bar Product Review.

News Release

August 15, 2001

Problems and ambiguity among alternative estrogen products reported by ConsumerLab.com — Results of soy and red clover isoflavone product testing released online today

WHITE PLAINS, NY — August 15, 2001 — ConsumerLab.com, an independent evaluator of dietary supplements and nutrition products, today released results of its Phytoestrogen Product Review. The review focused on dietary supplements made from soy and red clover isoflavones.

News Release

July 09, 2001

Many herbal sleep products lack key claimed ingredient — Results of ConsumerLab.com's testing of valerian products released on web today

WHITE PLAINS, NY — July 9, 2001 — ConsumerLab.com, an independent evaluator of dietary supplements and nutrition products, today released results of its Product Review of valerian supplements — used primarily as sleep aids and minor tranquilizers.

News Release

June 04, 2001

ConsumerLab.com reports test results of arthritis supplement — MSM; Quality found higher than for most supplements, but room for improvement remains

WHITE PLAINS, NY — June 4, 2001 — ConsumerLab.

News Release

May 07, 2001

Over forty percent of Echinacea products fail ConsumerLab.com review; Inadequate labeling and missing ingredients found common for popular herbal cold remedy

WHITE PLAINS, NY — May 7, 2001 — ConsumerLab.com, an independent evaluator of dietary supplements and nutrition products, today released results of its Product Review of echinacea supplements.

News Release

April 10, 2001

Quality of popular herbal anti-depressant found to vary; certain types of St. John's Wort supplements more likely to pass testing

White Plains, NY — April 11, 2001 — ConsumerLab.com, an independent evaluator of dietary supplements and nutrition products, today released results of its Product Review of St. John's wort supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

September 23, 2014

Maker of Joint and Weight Products Warned for Hidden Drugs, Manufacturing Violations

On September 15, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to West Coast Laboratories, Inc., because the company's joint health supplements, Super ArthGold and Pro ArthMax, were found to contain hidden drugs.

News Release

March 27, 2001

ConsumerLab.com expands testing of health products; success of dietary supplement evaluations leads company into broader nutrition field, beginning with popular nutrition bars

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 27, 2001 — Having established its presence as the leading independent evaluator of the quality of dietary supplements sold in the U.S, ConsumerLab.com announced today the expansion of its work to include foods and food ingredients.

News Release

March 13, 2001

ConsumerLab.com review of vitamin E supplements finds some insufficiencies and need for clearer labeling; test results released online today

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 13, 2001 — ConsumerLab.com today released results of its Product Review of vitamin E products. Vitamin E is one of the most popular dietary supplements in the U.S.

News Release

July 11, 2000

Pesticide contamination found in many Ginseng supplements tested by ConsumerLab.com

WHITE PLAINS, NY, July 11, 2000 — Out of 22 brands of ginseng dietary supplements evaluated by ConsumerLab.com eight were found to contain high levels of specific pesticides, some of which also contained significant levels of lead.

Recalls & Warnings

July 01, 2003

Direct Marketers of Weight Loss, Impotence, and Arthritis Supplements Charged with Deceptive Claims

On July 1, 2003, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced three enforcement actions against direct marketers of weight-loss products containing ephedra. The two settlements and one complaint, filed in U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

March 04, 2003

U.S. Warns of Ephedra Risks and Proposes Warning Label for Supplements

On February 28, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced a series of actions designed to protect Americans from potentially serious risks of dietary supplement products containing ephedra.

Recalls & Warnings

March 31, 2005

FDA Warns Marketer of "Vitamin O" Product to Cease Unsubstantiated Claims

The U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA) has sent a Warning Letter (dated February 8, 2005) to Donald L. Smyth, President, R-Garden Inc., and Rose Creek Health Products, Inc. warning that its "Vitamin O" product was, among other things, being marketed with unsubstantiated health claims.