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CL Answer

Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Find out which supplements help improve memory, brain function and cognition, including fish oil, some B vitamins, cocoa, and curcumin. ConsumerLab's answer explains the evidence for supplements promoted to help with brain function and cognition.

Supplements for Memory -- doctor holding a model of a brain and fish oil capsule

Product Review

Coconut Oil and Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) Oil Review — Semi-Solid and Liquid Oils & Supplements

Find the Best Coconut Oil and MCT Oil. See How These Oils Compare on Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs), Quality, and Value.

Coconut and MCT Oils Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

Choline and Lecithin Supplements Review (Including Phosphatidylcholine, CDP-Choline, and Alpha-GPC)

Choose the Best Choline Supplement. Find Out How Much Choline Popular Supplements Really Provide.

CL Answer

Can curcumin help prevent or improve symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Information on studies of the evidence around the effects of turmeric/curcumin and Alzheimer's.

Product Review

Fish Oil, Krill Oil, and Algal Oil Omega-3 (DHA & EPA) Supplements Review

See Our Omega-3 Top Picks and Avoid Rancid Fish Oils.

Fish Oil and Other Marine Oil Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

Ginkgo (Ginkgo Biloba) Supplements Review

Choose the Best Ginkgo Biloba Supplement. Finding Real Ginkgo Isn't Easy — 60% Fail ConsumerLab's Tests of Quality.

Ginkgo Biloba Supplements Tested by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

L-Serine & D-Serine: Health Benefits and Safety

Serine exists in two forms: L-serine and D-serine. Find out how these two forms differ and learn if either form has health benefits and if it is safe.

Two white pills in front of a brain

CL Answer

I'm at risk for both macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. I've read that more EPA than DHA is good for macular degeneration, but the reverse is true for Alzheimer's. What do you recommend?

Find out if taking fish oil supplements or eating fish can help for macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Fish Oil Capsules and Salmon on White Table

Product Review

Low-Dose Lithium Supplements Review

Choose the Best Low-Dose Lithium Supplement. CL Tests Reveal Which Low-Dose Lithium Supplements Offer the Best Quality and Value.

Very Low Lithium Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

Vitamin D Supplements Review (Including Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Boron)

Find the Best Vitamin D Supplement and Avoid Problems

Vitamin D Review 2024

Product Review

Glutathione Supplements Review

Learn How Glutathione Products Differ, Which Failed, and Our Top Picks

Glutathione Review 2024

Product Review

Vitamin E Supplements Review

Find the Best Vitamin E Supplement. Tests and Reviews of Popular Vitamin E Supplements & CL's Top Picks.

Vitamin E Supplements, Cream, and Oil Tested by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

What are the health benefits of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides, such as those used in Bulletproof Coffee?

Learn the health benefits of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), including evidence from Bulletproof Coffee, clinical studies on obesity, skin, and Alzheimer's disease.

Coconut Oil & MCTs -- Coconuts and coconut oil with coffee cup

Product Review

Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review

See Our Top Picks Among Turmeric Products

Product Review

Shilajit Supplements Review (Resins and Extracts)

We Discovered Major Differences Among Shilajit Supplements

Shilajit Review 2024

Product Review

Huperzine A Supplements Review

Choose the Best Huperzine A Supplement. CL Tests Reveal the Best Huperzine A Supplements for Memory.

Huperzine A Supplements Tested by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

B Vitamin Supplements Review (B Complexes, B6, B12, Biotin, Folate, Niacin, Riboflavin & More)

See Our Top Picks and Which 5 Failed Testing

B Vitamins Review 2024

CL Answer

Does Qualia Mind boost memory and mental function and is it worth cost?

Learn about the ingredients in Qualia Mind, whether or not we think the formula works and is safe, and if we think it's worth the cost.

qualia-mind

CL Answer

Is it better for a fish oil (or krill oil) supplement to have more DHA than EPA?

Information on EPA and DHA in fish and krill oil supplements, including improving cognition, depression, anxiety, acne, and more.

DHA and EPA Levels in Fish Oil -- close-up of fish oil capsules

Product Review

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplements Review

Choose the Best Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplement — See the Amounts of Active "R-Isomer" We Found

Product Review

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplements Review

Choose the Best Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplement. Don't Overpay! CL Identifies Quality Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplements at the Best Value.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplements Tested by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

Saffron Supplements Review

See How Saffron Supplements Compare and What They Do

CL Answer

What is shilajit? Does it have any proven health benefits, and is heavy metal contamination a concern?

Shilajit information, including its potential health benefits, safety, proper doses and impact on male health.

Shilajit Health Benefits -- blister pack of shilajit tablets

CL Answer

Does ergothioneine help prevent age-related problems such as impaired cognition, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or cataract, and is it safe?

Learn about ergothioneine and its potential use for cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cataract, or kidney disease, as well as its safety and cost of supplements containing this ingredient.

Various types of mushrooms that contain ergothioneine in a wooden bowl on a wooden countertop

Product Review

Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review

Best Multivitamins In 2023 -- Caution with Gummies

Product Review

NAD Booster Supplements Review (NAD+/NADH, Nicotinamide Riboside, and NMN)

How Important Is Boosting NAD+ Levels? Find Out and Learn How Booster Supplements Compare.

NAD Boosters (NAD+/NADH, Nicotinamide Ribose, and NMN)

CL Answer

Does cat’s claw have any health benefits and is it safe?

Cat's claw is promoted for numerous conditions, including arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), Alzheimer's disease, viral infections, boosting immune response to vaccination, and reducing side effects of chemotherapy. Find out if it works and if it's safe.

Cats claw extract capsules in a bowl on a table

CL Answer

Do plasmalogen supplements improve cognitive function and memory?

Plasmalogen supplements claim to improve cognitive function, support memory, and reduce brain fog. Find out if they work.

Hands holding puzzle in shape of head with puzzle pieces missing

CL Answer

Do magnesium supplements, like Magtein, help memory or protect against Alzheimer's disease?

Magtein, and other magnesium supplements, may help memory and protect against Alzheimer's disease.

Memory 1400

Clinical Update

10/05/2021

Copper and Alzheimer's Disease

Can excess copper from the diet or supplements increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease? Find out what research suggests in the Copper section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

3/18/2022

Alzheimer's Disease: Does MCT Oil Help?

Can medium-chain triglycerides slow cognitive decline among people with Alzheimer’s disease? Find out what a recent study showed in the Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease section of our Coconut Oil and MCT Oil Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or foods help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Clinical Update

7/12/2022

Does DHA Lower Alzheimer's Risk?

Older people with high levels of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA were found to have a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, according to a recent analysis. Does this mean that older people should be supplementing with DHA or fish or other marine oils? Find out in the Alzheimer's Disease section of our Fish and Marine Oil Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

9/19/2017

Niacinamide for Alzheimer's Disease?

Niacinamide (a form of niacin) has been promoted as a way to protect against memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease – a claim based on studies in mice. A recent study put this to the test in people. See the results in the "Niacin" section of the B Vitamin Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

6/10/2017

Vitamin D & Alzheimer's Disease

Older people with insufficient levels of vitamin D had nearly triple the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease that those with sufficient levels, according to a recent study. Those with the lowest levels also experienced a faster rate of cognitive decline. Get the details and information about optimal vitamin D levels in the "What It Does" section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among supplements.

Clinical Update

7/04/2015

Fish Oil and Alzheimer's Disease

The evidence is mixed on whether fish oil can help people with Alzheimer's disease. A benefit was seen in a study reported last year, but a recently reported study found no benefit with fish oil combined with antioxidants. More details are found in the "What It Does" section of the Fish Oil and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

8/05/2024

Fish Oil to Fight Alzheimer’s?

Does taking fish oil daily slow changes in the brain associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease? Find out what a recent study showed in the Alzheimer's disease section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks.

Product Review

Nattokinase Supplements Review

Choose the Best Nattokinase Supplement. CL Tests Reveal Which Nattokinase Suppplements Provide the Best Quality & Value.

Nattokinase Supplements Tested by Consumerlab.com

Product Review

Melatonin Supplements Review

Trouble Sleeping? See CL's Tests of Melatonin Supplements and Top Picks.

Melatonin Review 2024

CL Answer

Does vitamin B12 improve memory?

Find out if vitamin B12 improves memory and cognition, how much to take, plus information about other supplements may help. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

B Vitamins Review 2024

CL Answer

Do glutathione supplements work to prevent aging or for other conditions?

Do glutathione supplements help with aging or other conditions such as cancer and diabetes?

Spoon filled with glutathione supplement capsules and held over a white plate

CL Answer

Are L-carnosine supplements helpful and safe?

Learn about the potential health benefits of L-carnosine, as well as possible safety concerns, drug interactions and cost.

Capsules with white powder and spoon holding white powder on white background

CL Answer

What is TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)? Does it have any proven health benefits, and is it safe?

TUDCA information, including its potential health benefits, safety, possible interactions, and cost.

What is Tudca - white capsules poured out of container

CL Answer

Does silica have health benefits? What is BioSil, and can it really increase collagen production and strengthen hair, skin, nails and bones?

Information about the health effects of silica (silicon dioxide) and orthosilicic acid (an ingredient in BioSil), including whether these forms of silicon can really increase collagen production, thicken hair, strengthen nails & bones.

Does BioSil Strengthen Hair, Skin and Nails? -- Bottle of BioSil

Product Review

Lion's Mane and Chaga Supplements Review

Read Labels Carefully -- Many Can Mislead

Lion's Mane and Chaga Supplements tested by ConsumerLab.com

CL Answer

Does Alpha Brain really improve memory, focus and cognition?

Find out if Alpha Brain really improves memory, focus and cognition. See the clinical evidence and get details about Alpha Brain ingredients, as well as potential side effects and drug interactions. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Bottle of Alpha Brain capsules

CL Answer

Does Procera AVH really improve memory and mood?

Procera AVH information, including evidence from clinical studies on memory, cognition, mood, safety, and a lawsuit.

CL Answer

Now that it was shown that Ginkgo biloba is not an effective memory enhancer, are there any other health enhancing benefits from taking it, and, if so, what dose should one take daily?

Find out what Ginkgo Biloba can and can't do. Find out the health benefits and correct daily dosage.

Gingko Biloba Leaves and Supplements

Product Review

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review

Many Extra Virgin Olive Oils Don't Seem to Make the Grade

CL Answer

Can vitamins or other supplements cause a change in the ability to taste, or even a loss of taste?

Find out if supplements or vitamin deficiencies can cause changes in taste, loss of taste or smell. Information about vitamin D, zinc, vitamins A, B6, B12 and others. Plus medications and medical conditions that can alter taste and smell. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Vitamin Deficiency, Supplements and Loss of Taste? -- man with salad looking disinterested, unhappy

CL Answer

What is the difference between cysteine and cystine?

Find out the difference between cysteine and cystine amino acids, including where each is found and their functions.

Young Woman Taking Supplement

Product Review

PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) Supplements Review

Learn What PQQ Does and Which PQQ Supplements are Best

Product Review

Phosphatidylserine (PS) Supplements

Find out if phosphatidylserine helps with memory and which products are best.

Phosphatidylserine Review 2024

CL Answer

What are the health benefits of amla and is it safe?

Learn about amla (Indian gooseberry), including its potential health benefits and possible safety concerns.

Amla supplement capsules being poured onto a wooden table with amla fruit in the background

CL Answer

Are antioxidant supplements good or bad for you?

Learn more about whether antioxidants like astaxanthin, beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, resveratrol, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E are safe and if they help prevent chronic diseases.

Can Antioxidants Cause You to Die Sooner? -- antioxidant supplements and carrots

CL Answer

Does red and near infrared light therapy reduce pain, improve skin or cognition, or have other benefits? Is it safe?

Red light and near infrared light therapy devices are promoted for numerous conditions, including acne, fibromyalgia, pain, cognitive function and other uses. Find out if these devices work and if they are safe.

Woman using a red light device on her lower leg

Product Review

Resveratrol Supplements Review (From Red Wine, Knotweed, and Other Sources)

See Which Resveratrol Supplements Were Best In Our Tests and Comparisons. Learn What Resveratrol Can and Can't Do.

Review of resveratrol supplements tested by ConsumerLab.com, including ratings and comparisons of product quality, price, and ingredients.

Product Review

Menopause Supplements Review (Soy and Red Clover Isoflavones, Black Cohosh) and Progesterone Creams

Choose the Best Menopause Supplement. Find Out Now Which Soy Isoflavone, Red Clover, Black Cohosh, and Progesterone Products Have the Active Compounds You Want!

Menopause Supplements Tested by ConsumerLab.com -- Soy and Red Clover Isoflavones, Black Cohosh, and Progesterone Cream

CL Answer

What is Noopept? Can it really improve memory and cognition, and is it safe?

Learn more about Noopept, including results from clinical studies on cognition, safety, and dosage.

CL Answer

Does Prevagen really improve memory?

Learn more about Prevagen, including clinical studies on Prevagen's impact on memory & cognition, safety, pricing, and an FDA warning letter. ConsumerLab explores the efficacy of Prevagen.

Prevagen for Memory? -- bottle of Prevagen

Clinical Update

2/06/2024

Coffee for Brain Health?

Find out if drinking coffee improves cognitive function and memory, affects the risk of Alzheimer's disease, and more in our article about the brain health benefits of coffee.

Clinical Update

4/09/2019

Powerful Combination for Alzheimer's

Fish oil can help people with Alzheimer's disease but, as a new study suggests, only when they are getting enough of another nutrient. Get the details in the What It Does section of the Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among products.

Clinical Update

1/13/2018

B12 for Cognition

Numerous studies show that getting adequate intake of B vitamins, such as B12, and, perhaps, omega-3 fatty acids from fish, may slow age-related declines in memory and cognition. But not everyone should expect a benefit, as shown in a recent study. For details, see the Memory, Cognition, and Alzheimer's Disease section of the B Vitamin Supplements Review. (Also see our Top Picks among products.)

Clinical Update

11/27/2018

Can Vitamin D Boost Cognition?

Middle-aged people with low levels of vitamin D were given high-dose vitamin D for four months. Find out if this boosted their cognitive performance in the Alzheimer's disease, dementia, memory and cognitive decline section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review. (Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.)

Clinical Update

12/23/2017

Folic Acid for Cognition

Giving folic acid to older people with relatively low levels of blood folate resulted in improved cognitive performance, according to a recent study. For details, see the "Memory, Cognition, and Alzheimer's Disease" section in the B Vitamin Supplements Review >> (Also see our Top Picks for folate and other B vitamin supplements.)

Clinical Update

11/29/2019

B Vitamins for Cognition

Increasing vitamin B-12 intake by those deficient in B-12 can help slow age-related declines in memory and cognition, but the dose needs to be sufficient, as suggested by a recent study. For details see the Memory, Cognition, and Alzheimer's Disease section of the B Vitamin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for B-12 and other B Vitamins.

Clinical Update

5/26/2020

Lower Risk of Dementia Through Foods

A 20-year study showed that the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia was 76% lower in people who ate more of certain foods. Find out what they ate and learn if supplements can help in our answer to the question: Do any supplements really help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Clinical Update

4/18/2020

Curcumin, Insulin & Alzheimer's?

Curcumin (from turmeric) may provide a modest benefit in people with insulin resistance and a new study suggests this may also reduce biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. For details, see the What It Does section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review. Also see our Top Picks for curcumin.

Clinical Update

4/24/2021

Olive Oil & Alzheimer's?

Can regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil improve cognition and reduce blood levels of markers associated with Alzheimer's disease? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Extra Virgin Olive Oils Review. Also see our Top Picks among olive oils.

Clinical Update

5/27/2013

Alzheimer's Changes Slowed with B Vitamins

A combination of B vitamins was found to slow brain loss in areas of the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease. This same combination of vitamins has also been shown to slow cognitive decline. Get the details on who may (or may not) benefit, dosage, plus test results for over 35 B vitamin supplements in the updated B Vitamin Supplements Product Review >>

Clinical Update

9/30/2012

Does Ginkgo Improve Memory?

The evidence for Ginkgo biloba in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias has become fairly negative. But is there still hope for its use in improving memory in healthy individuals? The answer seems to be in, according to a new analysis of 10 placebo-controlled trials in healthy people. Get the answer in the update to the Ginkgo Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

9/16/2012

Vitamin D & Alzheimer's

A seven-year study of women over age 75 found those with higher intakes of vitamin D from their diets were 77% less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. The amount of vitamin D intake associated with this large benefit was actually fairly modest. Get the details in the updated Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our product tests and quality ratings. More >>

Clinical Update

9/09/2012

Ginkgo Fails Alzheimer's Trial

Over two thousand people with memory complaints were given Ginkgo biloba extract or placebo as part of a five-year study. The results, published this week, showed no difference between the groups in the percentage who eventually developed Alzheimer's disease or dementia. See how this compares to other studies of ginkgo in the updated Ginkgo Biloba Supplements Review, which includes our tests and reviews of ginkgo products. More >>

Clinical Update

1/31/2014

Fish Oil / Alpha-Lipoic Acid for Alzheimer's

A new study found that fish oil and alpha-lipoic acid can slow cognitive and functional decline in people with Alzheimer's disease. Get the details in the Fish/Marine Oil Supplements Review >>  and the Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

9/12/2015

Resveratrol for Alzheimer's Disease?

High doses of a synthetic resveratrol stabilized a marker of disease progression in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's, a recent study reports. However, more research is required to determine if resveratrol is effective for Alzheimer's. Get the details about this and other studies with resveratrol, and our tests and comparisons of products, in the Resveratrol Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

7/05/2016

Folic Acid Supplementation Mitigates Alzheimer's

A recent study in people with Alzheimer's disease found that folic acid supplementation decreased inflammation and slightly improved mental functioning. However, participants began the study unusually low in folic acid relative to normal U.S. levels. For more details see the B Vitamin Supplements Review >> Also see results of a folate/B-12 study which showed reduced brain shrinkage in Alzheimer's patients.

Clinical Update

3/29/2017

Vitamin E/Selenium & Alzheimer's

A long-term study among men in the U.S. found that giving high doses of vitamin E and/or selenium did not significantly affect their risk of developing dementia. The study was part of a larger study which found that these supplements increased the risk of prostate cancer, type 2 diabetes, hair loss, and dermatitis. For details, see the "Alzheimer's disease/dementia" section of the Selenium Supplements Review >>

Clinical Update

6/18/2016

Green Tea & Cognition

Green tea consumption has been associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults. However, a recent study evaluating the effects of a green tea powder on older adults with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia failed to show a benefit. For more information, see the "What It Does" section of the Green Tea Review >>

Clinical Update

8/27/2017

Does Lithium Prevent Dementia?

A new study found the risk of developing dementia to be significantly lower in areas with higher levels of lithium in the drinking water. This finding is consistent with a study that found low-dose lithium to stabilize patients with Alzheimer's disease. Details about these studies are in the "What It Does" section of the Low-Dose Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among low-dose lithium supplements.

Clinical Update

8/07/2021

COVID Vaccination in People With Neurologic Conditions

Should people with neurologic conditions – including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, MS, and epilepsy – get vaccinated? Find out what experts recommend.

Clinical Update

8/31/2021

Magnolia Bark and Alzheimer's

Can taking magnolia bark extract improve learning and memory in those with Alzheimer’s disease? Find out what evidence suggests in our article about supplements for memory and cognition.

Clinical Update

2/01/2022

Olive Oil Lowers Risk of Death

Regular consumption of olive oil was associated with reduced risk of death from heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease in a large, long-term study – but only if replacing certain other foods. Get the details in the What It Does section of our Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review. Also see our Top Picks among extra virgin olive oils.

Clinical Update

9/19/2023

Cat's Claw

Does cat's claw reduce symptoms of arthritis, help with Alzheimer's disease, boost the immune system, or have other benefits? Find out in our new article about the health benefits and safety of cat's claw.

CL Answer

Do either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine help with memory and cognition? How are these supplements different?

Find out if phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine supplements improve memory and cognition.

Brain Puzzle

CL Answer

Does Bacopa extract improve memory, mood, or sleep? Is it safe?

Find out if bacopa improves memory and cognition, mood or sleep, and whether it's been shown to be helpful in people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Plus, learn about the safety and common side effects of bacopa.

Bacopa for Memory and Cognition -- Bacopa leaves and powder

CL Answer

What are the health benefits of D-ribose and is it safe?

Find out if D-ribose supplementation is beneficial for heart failure, exercise performance, and fibromyalgia and learn if it is safe.

Two measuring scoops and capsules of D-ribose on black countertop

Clinical Update

1/04/2014

Vitamin E Helps Alzheimer's Patients

A new study suggests that high-dose vitamin E can help people with Alzheimer's disease retain their ability to perform activities of daily living (such as dressing) for several months longer than those given placebo, reducing caregiver time. A similar dose of vitamin E has been shown in other studies to slow the progression of the disease in some people and to reduce the rate of conversion to Alzheimer's among people with mild cognitive impairment. For details -- including the dose and form of vitamin E used and our tests of supplements on the market which can provide this dose -- see the update to the Vitamin E Supplements Review >>

Product Review

Green Tea Review: Tea Bags, Matcha Powders, and Supplements

Some green teas provide barely any green tea polyphenols, while some others are high strength. See the Test Results and Our Top Picks for Green Tea.

Green Tea Review 2024

Product Review

Magnesium Supplements Review (Including Calcium, Vitamins D & K, and Boron)

Find Out What Magnesium Does, Who Needs It, and Our Top Picks Among Supplements

Magnesium Review 2024

Clinical Update

8/08/2014

Up To a Point, Alzheimer's Risk Falls with Vitamin D

A new study shows that, up to a point, the risks of developing Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia fall with higher blood levels of vitamin D. However, the research also clarifies that exceeding a certain blood level of vitamin D provides no further benefit. In fact, additional research suggests that too much vitamin D can have negative effects. The message: Make sure you have a sufficient, but not excessive level of vitamin D. For details about these levels, as well as results of our tests of vitamin D supplements, see the updated Vitamin D Supplements Review >> 

CL Answer

What are trace minerals and do I need them?

Trace minerals include boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, zinc, and others. Find out what they do, how much of each trace mineral you should be getting, and who's most likely to be deficient in these minerals.

Trace Minerals - What are they and do you need them?

CL Answer

What' the Best Way to Take Vitamin B-12? Dosage and Absorption Tips

Discover the optimal dosage and ways to take vitamin B-12, an essential nutrient, for better absorption and effectiveness and learn about possible side effects.

Vitamin B12 Dosage, Benefits, Uses & Deficiency -- B12 Bottle and Tablets

CL Answer

Butyrate Supplements for Gut Health: Does butyric acid really work and is it safe?

Can butyrate supplements improve gut health or help reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Crohn's disease? Find out what the clinical evidence shows, learn about the different forms of butyrate, including sodium butyrate, calcium-magnesium butyrate, and tributyrate, and get details about products such as BodyBio Sodium Butyrate and Healus Complete Biotic Tributyrin, dosage, safety and cost.

Butyrate Supplements

CL Answer

What is Protandim and does it really work?

What is Protandim and does it really work? Can Protandim reduce oxidative stress? ConsumerLab's answers discusses Protandim's effectiveness, reviews and studies.

Does Protandim Work? -- Bottle of Protandim

CL Answer

What is hesperidin, what is it used for and is it safe?

Learn about hesperidin, including whether its beneficial for heart health, problems with circulation, stroke, cognitive function, depression, cancer and other conditions, and find out if it is safe.

A glass of orange juice sitting on a table and surrounded by sliced and whole oranges

Product Review

Selenium Supplements Review

Choose the Best Selenium Supplement. Find Out If You Need Selenium and Which Supplement Is Our Top Pick.

Selenium Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

St. John's Wort Supplements Review

Find the Best St. John's Wort Supplement. Only 40% of St. John's Wort Supplements Pass Tests & Strength Varies Widely.

St John's Wort Supplements Reviewed By Consumerlab.com

CL Answer

What is hydrogen water? Is it beneficial for alertness, athletic performance, arthritis or other conditions, and is it safe?

Find out if hydrogen water has benefits with regard to alertness, side effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients, metabolic syndrome, athletic performance, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease, and other conditions, and learn if it is safe to use.

Portable hydrogen water generator

Recalls & Warnings

December 17, 2020

FTC Crackdown on Six Deceptive CBD Products

On December 17, 2020, the FTC announced that it is taking action against six companies for selling CBD products with unsupported and deceptive health claims that they can treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, heart disease, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, and others.

Recalls & Warnings

February 13, 2019

Supplements Promoted for Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Sell "False Hope," Warns FDA

On February 11, 2019, the FDA warned consumers to beware supplements promoted to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease or dementia.

CL Answer

What is the best way to take curcumin? Is it better to take it all at once or in divided doses?

Find out the best way to take curcumin and turmeric supplements to increase absorption and bioavailability, plus the best way to cook with turmeric spice. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.

Product Review

Cinnamon Supplements and Spices Review

CAUTION: Some Cinnamon Products High in Toxin. See Which Passed or Failed and our Top Picks!

Cinnamon Supplements and Spices Tested by ConsumerLab.com

Product Review

GABA Supplements Review

Does GABA Work As a Supplement?

CL Answer

What are the health benefits of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin, and are they safe?

Chlorophyll supplements are promoted for reducing body odor, preventing cancer, removing toxins from the body, improving digestive conditions and other uses, but do they work and are they safe? Find out and learn if such supplements actually contain chlorophyll.

Woman adding drops of liquid chlorophyll to glass of water

Product Review

CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review

Find the Best CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements and Learn How They Differ

CoQ10 2024

News Release

June 14, 2022

Best B Complexes, B12, and Other B Vitamin Supplements Revealed by ConsumerLab Tests: Beware of High Doses

  White Plains, New York, June 14, 2022 — Recent ConsumerLab tests of over 30 popular vitamin B complexes and supplements revealed that four products contained either much less, or much more, of at least one B vitamin listed on the label.

CL Answer

What is GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)? Is it beneficial for stress, anxiety, insomnia or other conditions, and is it safe?

Find out about GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), including if it's beneficial for insomnia, epilepsy, stress and anxiety, high blood pressure and building muscle, and learn if taking GABA supplements is safe.

Older women sitting calmly on a couch with her hands behind her head and her eyes closed

CL Answer

Does Neuriva improve memory or cognitive function?

Find out about Neuriva, its ingredients, and the evidence for or against it for memory and cognitive function.

Bottles containing capsules of Neuriva Original and Neuriva Plus

News Release

November 05, 2021

NAD Boosters for Energy and Memory? ConsumerLab Reviews NAD+, NAHD and NMN Supplements

White Plains, New York, November 5, 2021 — Most cells in the body use NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in the process of energy production, and compounds that boost blood levels of NAD are often sold in supplements marketed for a wide range of benefits, from increasing energy and ...

CL Answer

Which is the best form of magnesium to take - one that contains the most magnesium and is best absorbed?

Info on which is the best form of magnesium supplements to take and what to look for when choosing the best magnesium supplement. ConsumerLab.com explains.

Magnesium Review 2024

CL Answer

How does turmeric spice compare to curcumin (turmeric extract) in supplements? I sprinkle it on my foods and wonder if that's equivalent to taking a supplement.

What is the difference between turmeric spices used in the kitchen and turmeric supplements? Is sprinkling turmeric on my food equivalent to taking a turmeric supplement? ConsumerLab's answer explores this question.

Turmeric Spice vs. Turmeric Supplements

Clinical Update

5/29/2024

Eggs for Alzheimer’s

Weekly consumption of a modest number of eggs, which are a good source of choline, was associated with a dramatic reduction in risk of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a recent study. Choline supplements may also be helpful. Get the details in the Alzheimer's section of our Choline Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among choline supplements.

Clinical Update

9/01/2023

Blueberries to Reduce Alzheimer’s Risk?

Consumption of fruits high in anthocyanins, like blueberries, is associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Does consuming large amounts of blueberries reduce markers of Alzheimer’s? See what a recent study found in our article about supplements and foods for memory.

News Release

August 15, 2020

ConsumerLab Tests Show Not All Vitamin E Supplements Contain What They Claim

White Plains, New York, August 15, 2020 — Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps to maintain the integrity of cells.

CL Answer

10 Supplements That May Help Reduce Nighttime Urination (And 5 That May Not)

Waking up more than once during the night to use the bathroom? Learn more about the 9 supplements that may help and 5 others that don't.

A toilet in an empty bathroom at night

Clinical Update

10/25/2022

Alzheimer's and Oral Care

A recent study suggests that enhanced oral care may help slow cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer’s disease. Get the details in the Lifestyle Modifications section of our article about Supplements, Foods and Lifestyle Modifications for Cognition.

Clinical Update

11/08/2022

Soy Isoflavone for Alzheimer’s?

Can supplementing with genistein, a soy isoflavone, improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer’s disease? Find out what a recent study showed in our CL Answer about supplements for memory and cognition.

Clinical Update

2/28/2023

Nicotinamide Riboside for Alzheimer's?

A preliminary clinical study suggested that taking nicotinamide riboside reduced blood markers of Alzheimer’s disease. For details, see the What It Does section of our NAD Boosters Review, which includes our Top Pick among nicotinamide riboside supplements.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Clinical Update

11/23/2023

Coconut Oil for Alzheimer’s?

Does supplementing with coconut oil improve cognition in people with Alzheimer’s disease? Find out what a recent study showed in the Cognitive Impairment section of our Coconut Oil and Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) Oil Review, which includes our Top Picks among coconut and MCT oils.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Clinical Update

10/02/2024

Benfotiamine & Alzheimer’s

Can taking benfotiamine (a derivative of vitamin B-1) slow cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease? See what research suggests in our B Vitamins Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among B vitamins.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

News Release

March 07, 2019

Best Coconut and MCT Oils Identified by ConsumerLab

White Plains, New York, March 7, 2019 — Coconut oil is often promoted as a "healthy fat" and an alternative source of energy to help with weight loss and in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease because it contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs).

Recalls & Warnings

October 22, 2019

Company Marketing CBD for Use in Infants and Children Gets Strong Warning

On October 10, 2019, the FDA and FTC issued a joint warning letter to Rooted Apothecary LLC for "illegally selling unapproved products containing cannabidiol (CBD) online with unsubstantiated claims" including that the products could treat teething pain and ear aches in infants, autism, ...

CL Answer

Which supplements and lifestyle changes improve sleep, and which cause insomnia?

Find out which vitamins may help you sleep and learn if any vitamins or supplements can cause insomnia.

Recalls & Warnings

March 05, 2021

FTC Takes Further Action Against Deceptive CBD Claims

On March 5, 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it has approved final administrative consent orders against six companies for selling CBD products with unsupported and deceptive health claims that they can treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, heart disease, ...

News Release

March 07, 2018

Finding Real Ginkgo Isn't Easy, ConsumerLab's Tests Reveal

White Plains, New York, March 7, 2018 — Recent tests of popular Ginkgo biloba supplements sold in the U.S. found that only 4 of 10 were confirmed to contain their listed amounts of real ginkgo extract.

Recalls & Warnings

May 14, 2021

Maker of Care by Design CBD Settles Charges of Unsupported Claims

On May 5, 2021, Cannacraft, Inc.

Clinical Update

12/08/2023

Dementia & Folic Acid

Taking folic acid without getting enough B-12 has been linked to increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Learn more in the Folate section of our B-Vitamin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among B-Complexes.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Clinical Update

4/25/2023

Does Melatonin Improve Cognition?

Find out what studies have shown when melatonin has been used by people with Alzheimer’s disease as well as cognitively healthy older people in the What It Does section of our Melatonin Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for melatonin.

Clinical Update

4/08/2022

Vitamin B-12 Deficiency and Dementia

Correcting B-12 deficiency may improve cognition in people with dementia, according to a recent study and case reports. Get the details in the Memory, Cognition, and Alzheimer’s Disease section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Recalls & Warnings

July 06, 2021

CBD Products Were Promoted to Treat Cancer and Alzheimer's Without Proof, Says FTC

On July 6, 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it has approved a final administrative consent orders against Kushly Industries LLC and the company's owner, Cody Alt, for allegedly making unsupported health claims about its CBD products.

News Release

February 03, 2017

ConsumerLab.com Shows How Much Choline is Really in Supplements -- ConsumerLab.com Tests Phosphatidylcholine (From Soy Lecithin), Citicoline, Alpha-GPC and Other Choline-Containing Supplements, Identifying Top Picks

White Plains, New York, February 3, 2017 — Choline is an essential nutrient important for liver and brain function. It can be obtained from the diet and most people also produce significant amounts in their bodies.

News Release

August 28, 2015

Not All Vitamin E Supplements Are Alike, Especially "Natural" Ones, ConsumerLab.com Tests Reveal

White Plains, New York, August 28, 2015 — ConsumerLab.com recently tested popular brands of natural and synthetic vitamin E supplements and found that not all vitamin E supplements are the same - with big differences in the types and amounts of compounds they contain.

Clinical Update

7/19/2022

Vitamin D & Alzheimer's Caution

Although several studies suggest that maintaining an adequate level of vitamin D may help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's, a recent study provided a cautionary note. See the details in the Alzheimer's and Dementia section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review.

CL Answer

Does coffee have brain benefits?

People commonly drink coffee to increase alertness, counteract fatigue, and boost cognition, but does it really improve memory and cognitive function? Find out, and learn about risks linked with drinking too much coffee.

Silhouette of mans head with coffee beans in place of brain

Recalls & Warnings

August 20, 2019

Seller of Liposomal Curcumin, Vitamin C & Melatonin Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On August 6, 2019, the FDA issued a warning letter to Let's Talk Health, Inc.

News Release

August 25, 2009

ConsumerLab.com tests quality of acai berry supplements and beverages -- No contamination found but health benefits remain unproven. Caution urged with laxative formulas and billing schemes.

White Plains, New York — Tuesday, August 25, 2009 — Acai berries have antioxidant properties and are a staple of the traditional Brazilian diet. In recent years, supplements and drinks made from acai have become popular in the U.S.

Recalls & Warnings

December 29, 2020

FDA Warns Five Sellers of CBD for Claims of Treating Arthritis, Alzheimer's and More

On December 22, 2020, the FDA issued warning letters to five sellers of CBD following reviews of the companies' websites, which found statements made about the companies' products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

September 14, 2021

Seller of Lion's Mane, Other Mushroom Supplements Warned by FDA

On July 20, 2021, the FDA issued a warning letter to Brilliant Enterprises LLC because it found statements made on the company's website and social media about mushroom supplements, including Lion's Mane, BoomChaga, CordaCex, and LVL:MAX to be drug claims.

Clinical Update

11/18/2021

Does Melatonin Increase Alzheimer’s Risk?

My doctor said that melatonin may increase the risk of Alzheimer's as some sleeping pills do. Is this true? See the answer in Concerns and Cautions section of the Melatonin Supplements Review.

Clinical Update

9/16/2015

Adequate Vitamin D May Lower Risk of Alzheimer's

A study showed that men and women with adequate levels of vitamin D in their blood were less likely to experience declines in cognitive functioning associated with Alzheimer's dementia than those with lower levels. More about the study, including the vitamin D level considered adequate, as well as our reviews of supplements, is found in the Vitamin D Supplements Review >>

Recalls & Warnings

September 26, 2014

Sellers of Essential Oils Warned for Claiming to Treat Ebola, Other Diseases

On September 22, 2014, the FDA issued a warning to Young Living following a review of websites, Pinterest, Facebook and Twitter accounts owned by Young Living distributors, which found statements made about the company's essential oils, including Thieves, Cinnamon Bark, Oregano, ImmuPower, ...

Recalls & Warnings

March 20, 2020

Seller of Rejuvenation Pills Settles Charges of Making False Claims

Health Center, Inc. has agreed to halt their allegedly deceptive advertising claims about three "cure-all" health and wellness products that targeted older consumers nationwide after the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a complaint.

News Release

January 03, 2006

Tests of memory enhancing supplements by ConsumerLab.com reveals lead in some ginkgo

WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK — TUESDAY, JANUARY 3, 2006 — In its new test report on Memory Enhancement Supplements, ConsumerLab.com has revealed finding significant amounts of lead in certain products on the market.

CL Answer

Is there a danger of getting too much calcium from Tums? I take them frequently for heartburn.

How many Tums should you be taking? Learn more about exceeding the recommended daily intake of calcium with Tums.

Too Much Calcium from Tums? -- bottle of antacid tablets

Recalls & Warnings

December 21, 2019

Supplement Company Continues to Make False Claims About Its Products, Says FTC

The FTC has filed a motion of contempt against two supplement companies that, according to the motion, have continued to promote their products with false claims despite being barred from doing so by a previous court order.

News Release

August 25, 2004

ConsumerLab.com finds not all vitamin E products meet claims — Results for 33 vitamin E supplements and skin products released today

WHITE PLAINS, NY — Wednesday, August 25, 2004   (Updated 10/24/04) — ConsumerLab.com announced today that five vitamin E products failed to pass recent testing for having either too little vitamin E and/or for containing synthetic vitamin E when claiming to be natural.

News Release

April 21, 2003

Low quality ingredient appears widespread among Ginkgo supplements according to ConsumerLab.com; points to challenge for FDA's proposed regulations — Review of memory enhancement supplements released today

WHITE PLAINS, NY — April 21, 2003 — In contrast to its findings three years ago, ConsumerLab.com announced today that only 22% of the Ginkgo biloba supplements it recently tested met its quality standards. In late 1999, 75% of the products it tested met these standards.

News Release

May 05, 2002

Study finds supplement users avoid prescription drugs due to side effects, not cost — Brands top rated by users also identified in new survey by ConsumerLab.com

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 5, 2002 — ConsumerLab.com, traditionally known for its independent laboratory evaluations of dietary supplements and nutritional products, announced surprising findings today from a new survey of supplement users.

Recalls & Warnings

February 25, 2020

FTC Sends Refund Checks to Consumers of Unproven "Brain-Boosting" Supplements

On February 25, 2020, the FTC announced it is mailing 27,174 checks totaling more than $551,000 to consumers who purchased deceptively marketed "cognitive improvement" supplements. The refunds are being distributed as part of a settlement of charges that the products contained deceptive claims.

Recalls & Warnings

April 02, 2019

FDA Issues Strong Warnings to Sellers of CBD

On March 28, 2019, the FDA issued warning letters to three companies for making unsubstantiated claims about the health benefits of CBD (cannabidiol) products on their websites.

Clinical Update

9/02/2022

Lithium for Dementia?

Does low-dose lithium stabilize or improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer’s or other forms of cognitive decline? Find out in the What It Does section of our Low-Dose Lithium Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for brain function.

Clinical Update

7/21/2020

Omega-3s and the Brain

To raise levels of DHA and EPA in the brain, large doses are needed according to a recent study. Even larger doses are needed by people with a gene associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's. While the study did not show an effect on people's cognitive scores, it may help explain why some studies with fish oil show little effect. For details, see the What It Does section of the Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among fish oils.

Clinical Update

6/27/2020

Factors For Lower Risk of Dementia

Diet and lifestyle factors were associated with up to 60% reductions in the risk of developing Alzheimer dementia according to a new study. Learn about these lifestyle factors in the updated answer to the question: Do any supplements really help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

CL Answer

Can N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) really help improve symptoms of bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Find out if N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) can help improve symptoms of bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Woman Holding Stomach from Pain

Recalls & Warnings

November 02, 2019

Brain Supplement Claims to Treat Brain Injuries, Alzheimer's Are Deceptive, Says FTC

On November 1, 2019 the FTC filed a lawsuit against Neora LLC (formerly Nerium International) for making false claims that the supplement Neora EHT (formerly called Nerium EHT) can treat concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy caused by repetitive brain trauma, Alzheimer's ...

Recalls & Warnings

April 28, 2020

Natures CBD Oil Distribution Warned for Joint Pain Claims

On April 20, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to Homero Corp DBA Natures CBD Oil Distribution, following an inspection of the company's website which found the company's products, including Natures Pure CBD Oil, CBD Froggies 25mg, CBD Froggies 50mg, CBD Edibles 200mg Frogs, CBD ...

News Release

March 06, 2002

Study finds supplement users avoid prescription drugs due to side effects, not cost — Brands top rated by users also identified in new survey by ConsumerLab.com

WHITE PLAINS, NY — March 6, 2002 — ConsumerLab.com, traditionally known for its independent laboratory evaluations of dietary supplements and nutritional products, announced surprising findings today from a new survey of supplement users.

CL Answer

Do supplements help with Parkinson’s disease treatment or prevention?

Learn what has been shown with vitamins D and E, niacin, CoQ10, melatonin, creatine, SAMe, NAC, valerian, CoQ10, and CBD, as well as with coffee and the Mediterranean and MIND diets for treating and/or preventing Parkinson's disease.

Elderly man with parkinsons holding trembling hand while eating

CL Answer

Do any supplements or foods benefit people with Crohn's disease? Are there any supplements that should be avoided?

Find out the most common vitamin and mineral deficiencies in people with Crohn's disease, including iron, B6, B12, vitamin D, zinc and others, plus evidence for N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), fish oil, and curcumin.

Supplements for Crohn's Disease -- Crohn's Disease Written on Notepad, Pills

Recalls & Warnings

July 23, 2019

FDA Warns Seller of CBD Lotions, Patches, Tinctures and Pet Products

On July 22, 2019, the FDA issued a warning letter to Curaleaf, Inc.

CL Answer

Are people with kidney disease at risk of getting too much potassium if they take a multivitamin? Which multivitamins are best for people with kidney disease?

Learn if people with kidney disease are at increased risk of getting too much potassium from multivitamins, find out which multivitamins do not contain potassium, and learn what other products should be avoided by people restricting potassium intake.

Multivitamins on pharmacy shelf

CL Answer

Can collagen or gelatin (including gelatin capsules) be contaminated the infectious agent that causes "mad cow disease"?

Find out if collagen and gelatin (including gelatin capsules) derived from cows might be contaminated with the agent that causes "mad cow disease."

A spoon filled with collagen powder and another spoon filled with gelatin softgels

Recalls & Warnings

January 04, 2014

Smoking Cessation and Anti-Inflammatory Supplements Contain Unapproved Ingredient

On December 13, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Star Scientific, Inc. after the agency noted that the company's smoking cessation supplement CigRx and anti-inflammatory supplement Anatabloc contain anatabine, a chemical not currently allowed in dietary supplements.

Recalls & Warnings

April 17, 2020

Seller of Vitamin D, MSM, Selenium & More Warned for Drug Claims

On March 31, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to KetoKerri LLC following a review of the company's website, which found statements made about some of the company's products, including Dr.

Recalls & Warnings

November 26, 2019

Cognitive Enhancement Supplements Contain Unapproved Drug

Several supplements sold in the U.S. and promoted for cognitive enhancement contain significant amounts of the drug piracetam -- a drug that is not approved for use in the U.S. -- according to a study published this week in JAMA Internal Medicine. 

Recalls & Warnings

April 23, 2019

"Brain Boosting" Supplements Were Promoted With Non-Existent Clinical Studies

On April 10th, 2019, the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) announced the marketers of cognitive enhancement supplements Geniux, Xcel, EVO, and Ion-Z have agreed to settle charges that they made false claims about the product, including fake research references and celebrity ...

Recalls & Warnings

May 28, 2003

FTC Challenges Claims of Five Supplements to Treat or Cure Serious Diseases

On May 27, 2003 the Federal Trade Commission announced that it had filed a complaint in federal district court against A.

Recalls & Warnings

November 14, 2012

Mushroom Supplement Manufacturer Warned For Drug Claims and Adulteration

On October 18, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to Mushroom Wisdom, Inc. following a facility inspection and product label review which found the dietary supplements Amyloban 3399 From Lion's Mane, Grifron Maitake, and Super Shiitake to be promoted as drugs.

Recalls & Warnings

April 24, 2023

FTC Warns Almost 700 Companies: Unsupported Health Claims May Result in Substantial Civil Penalties

On April 13, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) notified approximately 670 companies that market over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, homeopathic products, dietary supplements, or functional foods that they could incur significant civil penalties if they make unsubstantiated claims about the ...

Recalls & Warnings

July 06, 2022

Two Companies Banned From Selling Supplements to Treat Heart Disease, Neuropathy

On June 30, 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalized an administrative complaint order against two Texas-based companies, Health Research Laboratories, LLC and Whole Body Supplements, LLC, for making unverified claims that their products can prevent or treat disease.

Recalls & Warnings

October 21, 2014

Seller of Weight Loss, Saw Palmetto Supplements and More Warned for Drug Claims

On October 9, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Bethel Nutritional Consulting, Inc., following a review of the company's website which found statements made about 15 Day Detox Diet, Alpha Lipoic Acid. 300 mg.

Recalls & Warnings

February 14, 2017

Life Extension Warned for Drug Claims

On February 1, 2017, the FDA issued a warning letter to Life Extension Foundation Buyers Club, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

March 06, 2009

"The Truth About Nutrition" Marketers Agree to Pay $3 Million to Settle Charges of Deceptive Advertising of Dietary Supplements and Devices

On March 6, 2008, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that marketers of dietary supplements and health-related devices have agreed to pay $3 million in consumer redress to settle FTC charges that they deceptively claimed their products treated or prevented a wide variety of serious ...

Recalls & Warnings

April 27, 2023

Seller of Magtein, Veggie Caps, & More Warned for Drug Claims, Manufacturing Violations

On March 8, 2023, the FDA issued a warning letter to Spartan Enterprises Inc., dba Watershed Wellness Center, after a review of the company’s website found statements about its Dr. Bob’s Naturals Spirulina, Dr. Bob’s Naturals Magtein, Dr.

Recalls & Warnings

January 26, 2016

Seller of CoQ10, SAM-e, Vitamin D, and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On January 15, 2016, the FDA issued a warning letter to Nutri-Dyn Midwest, Inc., following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including Cardioauxin BP, Zinc Lozenge, Oliver, Pau D'Arco, Petadolex, Chondro Jointaide, Dynagesic, SAMe-200, Gugulipid.

Recalls & Warnings

May 06, 2014

Seller of Flaxseed, Ginkgo and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On April 18, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Iowa Select Herbs, LLC, following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including Flax Seed, Holy Basil, Papaya Leaf Extract, and Ginkgo Leaf Extract products, to be adulterated because they were prepared, packed, or held ...

Recalls & Warnings

June 11, 2015

FDA Warns Maker of Fruit Energy Drinks for Drug Claims

On May 19, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to CK Management, Inc. following a facility inspection which found statements made on product labels and websites about Whole5, Fruit of the Spirit and ViaViente "whole food" fruit puree energy drinks to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

August 30, 2012

Supplement Company Warned For Medical Claims and Misbranding Of Omega-3, CoQ10, Noni Juice And More

On July 12, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to Alfa Vitamins Laboratories, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 21, 2014

Seller of Gingko and Milk Thistle Warned for Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On April 4, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Xtra Life Natural Systems, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

September 10, 2012

Maker of Omega-3, Bone and Brain and Supplements Warned For Drug Claims

On August 27, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to PruTect Rx indicating that statements on the company's websites about Omega3PruTect, NeuroPruTect, VitaminD3PruTect and OsteoPruTect constitute drug claims, although the products are not approved drugs.

Recalls & Warnings

July 21, 2022

Young Living Warned for Promoting Essential Oils to Treat Seasonal Allergies, Kidney Stones & More

On June 10, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Young Living Essential Oils Corporate after an inspection of the company’s website and social media found statements about the company’s essential oil and CBD products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

October 24, 2012

Warning Issued to Memory Supplement Maker For Unapproved Drug Ingredient, Drug Claims and Unreported Adverse Events

On October 16, 2012, the FDA issued a letter to dietary supplement manufacturer Quincy Bioscience Manufacturing Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

August 16, 2006

Marketers of Diabetes Supplement Banned From Claiming Products Treat or Cure Diseases

On August 10, 2006, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that an operation selling Chinese herbal supplements is banned from claiming its products treat or cure diseases, to settle FTC charges it violated a previous court order.

Recalls & Warnings

May 05, 2022

Seller of CBD Tinctures, Creams & Pet Products Promoted for Pain, Cancer & More Warned by FDA

On February 11, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Rena’s Organic following a review of the company’s social media and website, which found statements about the company’s 300 mg CBD Full Spectrum Oil Cannabinoid Tincture, 600 mg CBD Full Spectrum Oil Cannabinoid ...

Recalls & Warnings

October 24, 2012

Manufacturer of Green Tea, Vitamin E, Omega-3 and Cranberry Supplements Warned For Manufacturing Violations, Misbranding and Drug Claims

On October 16, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to dietary supplement manufacturer Advanced Nutritional Technology Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

May 10, 2013

Maker of Concentration, Pain, Immune, Cholesterol Supplements Warned For Drug Claims

On April 24, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to EuroPharma Co., Inc., following a review of the company's website which found statements made about Calm Kids, CholestCaps, CuraMed 375 mg, CuraMed 750 mg, Curamin, Mental Advantage, Tri-Iodine, and Viragen to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

May 03, 2013

Maker of Omega-3, Saw Palmetto, St. John’s Wort Supplements And More Warned For Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On March 19, 2013, the FDA issued a warning letter to Sunset Natural Products Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

January 05, 2005

Marketers of Brain-Rejuvinating Supplement Settle FTC Charges of False Claims

On January 5, 2005, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that a company that heavily advertised an herbal dietary supplement called "Sagee" to the Chinese-language and Vietnamese-language communities had settled FTC charges of making false and unsubstantiated claims for the product.

Recalls & Warnings

February 17, 2022

Seller of L-Theanine, Lutein, Noopept and More Warned for Drug Claims

On February 4, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Crystal Clear Supplements following a review of the company’s website and social media which found statements about Tianeptine Sodium Powder, Tianeptine Sulfate Powder, PEA Capsules, Phenibut Capsules, Synephrine Powder, Noopept ...

Recalls & Warnings

August 08, 2022

Seller of CBD Warned for COVID-19 Claims

On August 4, 2022, the FDA sent a warning letter to FluxxLab LLC following a review of the company’s website and social media which found statements about the company’s Covid-19 Immune Support Tincture and CBDA+CBD Oil Tincture products to be drug claims because they ...

Recalls & Warnings

October 12, 2005

Supplement Company to Pay $2 Million Penalty For Alleged Violations of FTC Order

On October 12, 2005 the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that under the terms of a consent decree approved by the it for submission by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to the federal court for approval, NBTY, Inc. (NBTY, formerly Nature’s Bounty, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

October 11, 2023

Family Sentenced to Over 12 Years in Prison for Selling Dangerous “Bleach” Miracle Mineral Solution as “COVID Cure”

Four Florida men who distributed the toxic bleach solution Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) as a cure for COVID-19 and other serious medical conditions have been sentenced to 5 to 12 years in prison for conspiring to defraud the United States.

News Release

November 16, 1999

Only three quarters of Ginkgo Biloba supplements contain proper ingredients. ConsumerLab.com posts first of its dietary supplement product tests.

WHITE PLAINS, NY, November 16, 1999 — Consumers have a one out of four chance of buying a Ginkgo Biloba product that may not deliver the ingredients they are seeking. This is the finding of an independent analysis of products conducted by ConsumerLab.

Recalls & Warnings

December 01, 2017

Health Research Labs Agrees to Settle FTC Charges of False Claims, Deceptive Marketing of BioTherapex and NeuroPlus

On November 30, 2017, the FTC announced Health Research Laboratories LLC and owner, Kramer Duhon, agreed to settle charges that they made false claims about the company's products, BioTherapex and NeuroPlus.

Recalls & Warnings

July 22, 2022

FDA Warns Seller of Vision, Calcium & Magnesium Supplements and More

On June 14, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to New Sun Inc. following inspection of the company’s website which found statements about the company’s products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

September 23, 2005

FTC Continues Litigation Against Makers of CortiSlim and CortiStress Supplements

On September 21, 2005 the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that three defendants will give up $4.

Recalls & Warnings

April 26, 2021

Family Indicted for Selling Dangerous "Bleach" Miracle Mineral Solution As "COVID" Cure

Four Florida men have been indicted by a Miami federal grand jury on charges of fraudulently marketing and selling the toxic bleach solution Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) as a cure for COVID-19 and other serious medical conditions, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes, autism, malaria, ...

Recalls & Warnings

November 01, 2017

Hemp Oil and Cannabidiol (CBD) Marketers Warned by FDA Over Claims

On November 1, 2017, the FDA announced it issued warning letters to four companies promoting products containing cannabidiol (CBD), a compound derived from cannabis (also known as marijuana), for the treatment of cancer, as well as other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. In the U.

Recalls & Warnings

January 10, 2023

Seller of CBD Warned for COVID-19 Claims

On January 5, 2023, the FDA issued a warning to PharmaCanna after review of the company’s website and social media, which found statements about the company’s cannabidiol (CBD) product, CBDefense 2000, to be drug claims because they promoted the products to prevent or treat ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 12, 2023

FDA Warns Two Sellers Promoting CBD to Treat COVID-19

On January 10, 2023, the FDA issued warning letters to two companies following a review that found statements made on the companies’ websites to be drug claims because they promoted the cannabidiol (CBD) products to prevent or treat COVID-19.

Recalls & Warnings

March 31, 2020

Bulletproof Warned for Manufacturing Violations

On March 20, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to Bulletproof 360, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

February 09, 2022

FDA Warns Seller of Colloidal Silver Eye Drops, Copper Products & More

On February 1, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to New Earth Healing Essentials, LLC d/b/a 5D Full Disclosure following a review of the company’s website, which found statements made about some of the company's products, including Plasma Colloidal Silver Eyedrops, Gaia’s ...

Recalls & Warnings

November 03, 2022

Seller of CBD Warned for COVID-19 Claims

On November 1, 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Alternative Health Distribution LLC (d/b/a CannaAid) following a review of the company’s website, which found statements about the company’s cannabidiol (CBD) products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

September 21, 2023

Moor Herbs, Inc Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On August 1, 2023, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Moor Herbs, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

November 30, 2023

Discover Health, LLC Warned for Promoting CBD Products for Cancer, Epilepsy, & More

On November 16, 2023, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Discover Health, LLC d/b/a Discover CBD and Strain Snobs following a review of the company’s websites that found statements about the company’s Active CBD Oil – Full Spectrum Distillate Cartridge, Active CBD Oil – ...

Recalls & Warnings

October 06, 2004

False Claims Made by Marketer of Cortisol-related Weight-Loss Supplements According to FTC

On October 6, 2004, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)charged marketers of two dietary supplements with claiming, falsely and without substantiation, that their products can cause weight loss and reduce the risk of, or prevent, serious health conditions.

Recalls & Warnings

December 01, 2021

FDA Warns Seller of Saffron Supplements

On November 18th, 2021, the FDA issued a warning letter to Saffron Health Sciences following a review of the company's website, social media, and Amazon product listings, which found statements made about the company's products Crocin Rich, Crocin Rich II, and Crocin Rich ...

Recalls & Warnings

November 23, 2022

CBD Not Permitted in Gummies, Candies, Cookies, Candy, or Pet Treats, Says FDA

On November 16, 2022, the FDA issued warning letters to five companies for selling products such as gummies, tea, cookies, lollipops, fruit snacks, hard candies, and pet treats containing cannabidiol (CBD) and/or delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8 THC) as conventional food products.

Recalls & Warnings

May 09, 2022

FDA Warns Five Companies for Selling CBD Supplements, Gummies and Creams With Delta-8 THC

On May 4th, 2022, the FDA issued warning letters to five companies for selling CBD and other products labeled as containing delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8 THC).

Recalls & Warnings

January 04, 2007

Sellers of Popular Weight Loss Supplements Pay $25 Million Over FTC Allegations of Deceptive Advertising

On January 4, 2007, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had filed complaints in four separate cases alleging that weight-loss and weight-control claims were not supported by competent and reliable scientific evidence.

Recalls & Warnings

January 26, 2018

Seller of Coenzyme-A Warned For Making Drug Claims

On January 5, 2018, the FDA issued a warning letter to Coenzyme A, Inc. following a facility inspection and review of the company's website that found the company made drug claims about its product Coenzyme-A.

Recalls & Warnings

May 12, 2020

FTC Halts Deceptive Supplements & Cosmetics "Free Trial" Scheme

On May 8, 2020, the owners of AH Media Group, LLC agreed to halt their allegedly deceptive practice of luring consumers with supposed "free trial" offers for cosmetics and dietary supplements, then enrolling them in subscriptions and billing them without their consent.

Recalls & Warnings

May 13, 2012

Caffeinated Water Illegally Promoted According to FDA

On April 24, 2012, the U.S. FDA sent a Warning Letter to Vitality Distributing, Inc. indicating that the company's product "avitae caffeinated water" is being illegally promoted as an unapproved new drug due to claims relating to its safety and efficacy, such as the following:

Recalls & Warnings

February 02, 2018

Seller of Vitamin D, Omega-3's, Whey Protein & More Warned for Drug Claims

On January 24, 2018 the FDA issued a warning letter to Young Health Products, LLC following a review of the company's website which found promotional statements and testimonials made about the certain products, including Lugol's Solution 2%, Liquid Vitamin D3, Probimune, Flax Seed & Omega ...

Recalls & Warnings

March 03, 2012

Seller of Cancer Cures Warned by FDA

On February 9, 2012, the U.S. FDA sent a Warning Letter to BioAnue Laboratories, Inc. informing it that its websites at www.tumorx.com, www.cancerx.org, www.hopewelltechnologieslimited.com, and www.vmhe.

Recalls & Warnings

April 29, 2014

Seller of B Vitamins, CoQ10, Amino Acids and Other Supplements Warned for Manufacturing Violations and Drug Claims

On April 1, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Bio-Recovery, Inc.

Recalls & Warnings

November 06, 2014

Seller of Prostate, Heart Supplements and More Warned for Drug Claims

On October 9, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Health Research Laboratories, LLC/New World Health, following a review of the company's websites, which found statements made about AtheChel Advanced, Betarol, BioTherapex, Omega-3 Cardio Plus, RejuvaLifeRx, and Ultimate Health Formula to be ...

Recalls & Warnings

June 26, 2015

Seller of CoQ10, Anxiety Supplements and More Warned for Manufacturing Violations, Drug Claims

On June 6, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Country Doctor Herbals, following a facility inspection which found the company's products, including  Herbal Flu Be-Gone, Herbal Multi-Bac, Herbal Nervine, Herbal Pain-A-Way, Herbal Pancreas, Herbal Parasite Cleanse, Herbal Perfect ...

Recalls & Warnings

January 27, 2003

FTC Charges Dr. Clark and Related Companies with Making Unsubstantiated Health Claims

The Federal Trade Commission has charged a Switzerland-based company and its U.S. counterpart with making numerous unsubstantiated efficacy claims for a variety of dietary supplements and devices that they sell on the Internet.

Recalls & Warnings

July 26, 2014

Marketers of Nopal Cactus Drink Settle FTC Charges of Deceptive Claims

TriVita Inc., and marketers of the company's "prickly pear" fruit drink Nopalea have agreed to pay $3.5 million in consumer refunds to settle FTC charges they made deceptive claims that the drink treats health problems ranging from skin conditions to joint pain and respiratory problems.

Recalls & Warnings

November 02, 2012

Maker of Joint Health, Blood Sugar, Prostate, Ginkgo Supplements and More Warned For Drug Claims, Misbranding and Adulteration

On September 10, 2012, the FDA issued a warning letter to Global Source Management & Consulting for making drug claims about the following dietary supplements: Scientific Joint Program capsules, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Healthy Blood Sugar Diabetic Support, Dr.

Recalls & Warnings

December 05, 2018

Seller of Cold and Flu Supplements, "SuperFood" & More Warned by FDA

On October 30, 2018, the FDA issued a warning letter to American Botanical Pharmacy following a review of the company's website (www.herbdoc.com) and Facebook page, which found statements made about some of its products to be drug claims.

Recalls & Warnings

October 06, 2006

FDA Warns Mangosteen Juice Maker of Drug Promotions

On September 20, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sent a Warning Letter to the makers of Xango, a mangosteen juice product. The letter advised that distributors of the product were using brochures making health claims restricted to the promotion of drugs.