Clinical Updates

Although uncommon, turmeric and curcumin supplementation may increase bleeding risk during medical procedures, as reported recently. Turmeric and curcumin may also increase bleeding risk in people taking blood-thinning medication. For details, see the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Did taking a ketone supplement help with weight management a recent study? Find out in our article about supplements for weight management.

Does drinking coffee, or adding milk to it, increase the risk of kidney stones? Find out in our CL Answer about foods, supplements, and kidney stone risk.

Can taking a PPI drug such as Prilosec (omeprazole), Prevacid, or Nexium, reduce the absorption of calcium? The answer is yes, but there are ways to minimize this problem, as discussed in our Calcium Supplements Review.

Is it better to get B vitamins through supplements, foods, or a combination of the two? See our answer.

Can extra virgin olive oil improve memory and learning in people with mild cognitive impairment? Find out what a recent study found in the Memory section of our Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Reducing calorie intake can help with weight management but it can also lead to bone loss. Find out what experts have recently recommended to help curb bone loss and reduce fracture risk when dieting in our updated CL Answer about supplements and diets for osteoporosis.

Be aware that more vitamin D can now be added to breakfast cereals and nutrition bars based on a recent FDA ruling. Get the details in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Is pea protein powder is a significant source of the phytate, which can reduce mineral absorption? Find out what research suggests in the ConsumerTips section of our Protein Powders Review.

Can low blood levels of magnesium increase the risk of gout, and does magnesium supplementation help? Find out in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among magnesium supplements.

Also see: Which supplements and foods help with gout and which may worsen it?

Aconite is a highly toxic plant compound that can cause dangerous heart arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Find out which supplements may contain aconite and how to avoid it, in our answer to the question: How can I avoid aconite – a toxin – in Aconitum supplements?

A new report raises concerns that some arnica products (used to reduce bruising and swelling) may contain cheaper, substitute ingredients. Learn more in our CL Answer about arnica pills, gels, creams and sprays.

If you are allergic to sesame, here's some good news: The presence of sesame in a product must now be listed on labels as a food allergen. However, be aware that sesame may not be listed on products already on store shelves. We've added details about this to our answer to the question: What are "hypoallergenic" supplements? How can I find hypoallergenic supplements on ConsumerLab.com?

Although not on the label, we found out how much phytate, an anti-nutrient, is in our Top Pick for pea protein powder. Learn the details and implications in our updated Protein Powders and Shakes Review.

Can supplementing with black seed oil, or applying it to the scalp, increase hair thickness and slow shedding of hair? Find out in our updated article about supplements for hair.

Can taking urolithin A reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis? Find out what the latest research suggests in our answer about urolithin A which also discusses its use in reducing age-related muscle decline.

Find out if research supports the following lifestyle changes for reducing symptoms of tinnitus:

• Boosting fiber intake
• Avoiding refined sugar
• Restricting salt intake
• Using bimodal stimulation devices

Taking a large, monthly dose of vitamin D was associated with a 29% increase in the risk of death in older men and women, according to a recent study. Get the details in the How Much Is Too Much section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which explains additional risks of getting too much vitamin D, as well as how much is needed.

Some people supplement with collagen by mixing it in their coffee. Does that ruin the collagen? Find out in our updated CL Answer about the effects of coffee on nutrients. (Also see our Collagen Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.)

Find out if the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin) can cause ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and see a list of other medications that may have this effect in our article about tinnitus.

Is tricaprin (a medium chain triglyceride or MCT) beneficial in coronary artery disease and which products contain this ingredient? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements for heart health. (Also see our Review of MCT Oils.)

There’s some controversy over whether it’s better to buy whole flaxseed and grind it at home or buy ground flax. See what the evidence suggests in the ConsumerTips section our Flaxseed Review.

We are currently purchasing and will soon be testing additional whole flaxseed products and appreciate the hundreds of suggestions received this week from readers. In the meantime, if you need to purchase whole flaxseed, see our recommendations. Also see our current Top Pick for ground flaxseed.

Does dark chocolate increase the blood-thinning effects of medications such as clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Are there supplements, foods, or beverages that I should avoid when taking clopidogrel (Plavix)?

Does supplementation with creatine cause water retention or weight gain? Find out what a recent study suggests in the updated Concerns and Cautions section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for creatine and BCAA workout supplements.

Find out which supplements or foods help relieve acid reflux (heartburn) and which worsen it.

Experts in Europe recently cut in half the daily upper limit on how much copper people can safely consume. Find out how this compares to the limit in the U.S. and to amounts in multivitamins in the Copper section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

Also see: What are trace minerals and do I need them?

What are "broad-spectrum" micronutrient supplements and how do they compare to multivitamins? Find out in our new article about "broad-spectrum" micronutrient supplements.

Also see our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Does a low-carbohydrate or a ketogenic diet reduce symptoms of acid reflux? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about food, supplements, and acid reflux.

Also, find out if zinc carnosine and the supplement Acid Soothe help improve symptoms of acid reflux.

Alginate supplements can help reduce symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD – a common cause of heartburn), but they may also reduce the absorption of medications, as well as vitamins, and minerals. Learn how to avoid this in the Concerns and Cautions section our Alginate Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among alginate supplements.

Do plasmalogen supplements improve memory and cognition? Are they safe? Find out in our new article about plasmalogen supplements.

To build muscle and burn fat, some people exercise without having eaten since the prior day. Having some protein or amino acids around the time of exercise can help with building muscle – but what’s the best time to do that? Find out what research suggests, in our updated CL Answer about essential amino acids.

Also see: I do moderate exercise for about an hour a few times a week. Which supplements might help me?

A diet extremely high in fish oil caused hair loss in a recent study in mice. Should this be a concern for people? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for fish oil.

Also see: Do hair supplements, such as Viviscal, Hair La Vie, and Nutrafol, or topical essential oils work?

Did consuming a large daily amount of cocoa flavanols help women with insulin resistance in a recent study? Find out in the What It Does section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars and cocoa products.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Can aloe or probiotics help reduce symptoms of acid reflux? Find out approaches to acid reflux.

We added information about whether certain supplements lower the risk of calcification in the coronary artery to our CL Answer about supplements for heart health.

Is there a link between canned fish and cancer, as there is for some other processed meats? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Tuna, Salmon, Sardines & Herring Review. Also see our Top Picks for canned fish.

Find out if the following improve, or worsen, symptoms of acid reflux:

• Turmeric & Curcumin
• Menthol (in toothpastes, mouthwashes and chewing gum)
• Alanine
• Glutamine
• Glycine

If you take metformin to treat diabetes, be aware that you are at higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Recent laboratory research suggests a possible reason for this, as discussed in the ConsumerTips section of our B Vitamins Review. Also see our Top Picks among B12 supplements.

A recent study investigated how fish oil supplementation may help to reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Get the details, and learn if fish oil can help with osteoarthritis and other inflammatory conditions, in our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for fish oil.

Also see: Which supplements can help with arthritis?

See which foods offer significant amounts of plasmalogens in our updated CL Answer about plasmalogens for cognitive function.

The NAD booster, nicotinamide riboside, might promote growth of existing cancers. Is there similar risk with niacin and niacinamide (nicotinamide)? Find out what evidence suggests in the Concerns and Cautions section of our NAD Booster Supplements Review.

Also, see our Top Pick among niacin supplements in our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

We’ve summarized in a simple table how to take vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids to maximize absorption.

Does taking vitamin D improve cognition or slow cognitive decline among older people with already sufficient blood levels of vitamin D? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements, foods and lifestyle modifications for brain function.

Find out how many cups of green tea per day is associated with lower risk of heart disease in the What It Does section of our Green Tea Supplements Review, and see our Top Picks for green tea.

Chlormequat – a compound with potential negative effects – has been found in many oat-based food products sold in the U.S. Should you be concerned? Get the details, including products with the highest amounts, in the Quality Concerns section of our Oat Cereals Review.

Whey protein seems to help control blood sugar levels, and a recent study suggested that it may do more than just slow gastric emptying and increase insulin levels. Get the details in the Diabetes section of our Protein Powders and Shakes Review. Also see our Top Picks for whey protein.

Re-esterified triglyceride forms of fish oil are among the best absorbed forms. But even among these re-esterified forms, there can be differences. Find out what a recent study suggests in the Forms of Fish Oil section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Strontium is included in some "bone health" supplements, but be aware that very high doses of strontium may interfere with blood tests for calcium and bone density scans. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Calcium and Bone Health Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work and laboratory tests?

Can eating smoked or salted fish increase the risk of cancer? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Canned Tuna, Salmon, Sardines & Herring Review. Also see our Top Picks among products.

Traumeel and T-Relief are homeopathic arnica products, but do they help relieve pain? Find out in our updated article about arnica pills and creams.

Since the absorption of curcumin is increased when taken with a fatty meal, would taking it with fish oil have the same benefit? Find out in our CL Answer about the best way to take curcumin.

Does taking Pycnogenol (pine bark extract) reduce calcifications in the arteries in people with atherosclerosis? Find out what a study found in our CL Answer about Pycnogenol.

Did magnesium supplementation slow coronary artery calcification in people with chronic kidney disease? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for magnesium.

Also see: Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy? Are there any to avoid?

Find out how the following supplements, and other approaches, affect liver function in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):

• Berberine
• Fish oil
• Probiotics

Did taking lion’s mane boost cognitive function in healthy, young people in a recent study? Find out in our Lion's Mane Review, which also discusses lion’s mane’s effects on older people and identifies our Top Pick among Lion's Mane supplements.

Also, see our article about other supplements for brain function.

A CL member asked how steeping green tea in cold water rather than brewing in hot water affects levels of polyphenols and caffeine in the tea. See what a study found in the ConsumerTips section of our Green Tea Review, which includes our Top Picks for green tea.

Can hawthorn berry supplements lower cholesterol and improve heart health? Find out in our updated CL Answer about cholesterol lowering supplements.

Also find out if hawthorn berry lowers blood pressure in our article about supplements for lowering blood pressure.

A CL member pointed out that supplementing with plasmalogens at high doses was reported to improve cognitive function in a 2022 study of cognitively impaired adults. We reviewed study and found significant weaknesses. Get the details in the Brain Function section of our CL Answer about plasmalogens.

Does taking vitamin D reduce frequent urination and other lower urinary symptoms in men with low levels of vitamin D? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Also see: 9 Supplements That May Help Reduce Nighttime Urination (And 4 That May Not)

TUDCA supplements are commonly promoted for treating liver disorders, but is there evidence supporting the use of TUDCA for fatty liver disease? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements for fatty liver.

Also, see our CL Answer about TUDCA for details about its other uses, potential safety concerns, and cost.

Can supplementing with beta-alanine improve cognitive function or mood in older men and women? Find out what a recent study showed in the Beta-Alanine section of our CL Answer about L-Carnosine (which contains beta-alanine).

Also, see our CL Answer about supplements for memory and cognition.

A CL Member who takes numerous dietary supplements reported having low blood levels of phosphorus. Find out which supplements, conditions, and medications can contribute to this in the Phosphorus section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

A CL member asked whether fish or other marine sources of collagen are good alternatives to collagen from chicken, pigs, or cows, and if there are plant-based sources of collagen. Find out about fish collagen and learn about "plant-based" collagen boosters in our Collagen Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among collagen supplements.

Find out if spirulina or brown seaweed help with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in our updated CL Answer about supplements for fatty liver. Also see our Top Pick for spirulina.

There are major differences in the amounts of nitrate (a key compound) in beetroot juice products. Learn more in our CL Answer about beetroot juice.

High doses of vitamin B-6 from supplements may cause adverse effects, even when doses do not exceed the established tolerable limit for B-6, as highlighted by a recently reported case. Learn about getting too much or too little vitamin B-6 in our B Vitamins Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among B-6 and other B vitamin supplements.

Did a turmeric extract without curcumin relieve knee pain following stair climbing exercise? Find out what a recent study showed in the Muscle Soreness and Recovery After Exercise section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among turmeric and curcumin supplements.

After bariatric ("stomach-reducing") surgery, be aware that iron requirements may significantly increase. Get the details in the What It Does section our Iron Supplements Review.

Also see our article about which supplements are important after bariatric surgery.

High-dose vitamin D supplementation may damage DNA, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Does curcumin supplementation decrease cholesterol, triglycerides, or liver enzyme levels in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Review. Also see our Top Picks among turmeric and curcumin supplements and spices.

Be aware that taking curcumin may increase the pain of passing a gallstone and, as seen in a recent case, increase the risk of gallbladder perforation. Get the details, and learn about other potential adverse effects of curcumin in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review.

Also see how coffee and supplements affect gallstones.

Some supplements may diminish the benefits of exercise. Learn more in our CL Answer about supplements that may boost or blunt exercise benefits.

How does the absorption of calcium lactate compare to that of other forms of calcium, such as calcium citrate and calcium carbonate? Find out in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Calcium Supplements Review, which also includes our Top Picks for calcium.

What is the best way to take Pycnogenol? Find out in the How to Take section of our updated CL Answer about Pycnogenol.

Does supplementing with fish oil boost gains from resistance exercise? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Muscle, Strength and Falls section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for fish oil.

A preliminary clinical study suggested that taking nicotinamide riboside reduced blood markers of Alzheimer’s disease. For details, see the What It Does section of our NAD Boosters Review, which includes our Top Pick among nicotinamide riboside supplements.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Can vegan protein derived from fungus (sold as Quorn) improve muscle mass and strength as effectively as milk-based protein, and is it safe? Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Protein Powders and Shakes Review.

Also see our Top Picks among protein powders, including a product suitable for vegans.

Does supplementing with beetroot extract improve exercise? See what a recent study found in our updated CL Answer about beetroot for blood pressure and exercise.

Drinking kombucha (a fermented beverage containing probiotics) with a high-carb meal may blunt the rise in blood sugar after the meal, according to a recent study. Get the details in the What It Does section of our Probiotic Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

A CL Member with acid reflux reported symptom relief with TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) supplementation, but does clinical evidence support this use? Find out in our updated CL Answer about TUDCA.

Also, see our CL Answer about supplements that may improve or worsen acid reflux.

Can supplementing with psyllium help maintain remission in people with ulcerative colitis? Find out what research suggests in our Psyllium Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help for ulcerative colitis?

Can taking melatonin along with Ambien or Lunesta cause a hangover? Find out what a recent report suggests in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Melatonin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for melatonin.

Does supplementation with a prebiotic improve mood or sleep? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Prebiotic Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among prebiotics.

Also see: What are the best supplements or lifestyle modifications for insomnia, and which can make insomnia worse?

The order in which you eat foods during a meal can improve blood sugar control. Learn more in our updated CL Answer about supplements and food for blood sugar control.

A CL member asked if beetroot can increase the risk or progression of multiple sclerosis. Find out in our updated CL Answer about beetroot juice and supplements.

Also see: Supplements for multiple sclerosis (MS): Do any supplements reduce symptoms or relapse?

High intake of erythritol was linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke in a recent analysis. Should you be concerned? Find out in the Erythritol section of our CL Answer about sweeteners.

Did eating foods rich in prebiotic compounds improve mood in people with moderate psychological distress? See what a recent study showed in our Prebiotics Supplements Review.

Also find out which foods are high in prebiotic fiber.

Did taking amla extract reduce fasting blood sugar or HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes? Find out in our article about the health benefits of amla extract.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Does high intake of soy foods or soy isoflavones make it harder to get pregnant? See what a recent study found in the Concerns and Cautions section of our review of soy isoflavone supplements.

Kratom-related deaths were found to be much more common than expected from previous years in a recent analysis. Get the details, and learn more about kratom, in our updated answer to the question: Is kratom too dangerous to use?

Supplements promoted to stimulate human growth hormone (HGH) supplements are often promoted to slow signs of aging, but do they really work and are they safe? Get the details, and learn if there are any ways to naturally raise HGH levels, in our article about HGH supplements.

Can taking collagen cause depression? Find out, and learn about other potential side effects of collagen, in the updated Concerns and Cautions section of our Collagen Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among collagen supplements.

Also see: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

Should I take a strontium supplement for my bones? See our answer about supplements for osteoporosis.

How do beverages sweetened with stevia or other low-calorie sweeteners affect blood sugar and appetite compared to sugar-sweetened beverages? See what a recent study found in our updated article about stevia and other alternative sweeteners.

Can supplementing with fish oil improve the likelihood of pregnancy among women with PCOS-related infertility? Find out what a recent study showed in the Infertility section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for fish oil supplements.

Be aware that high-dose fish oil supplementation increases the risk of atrial fibrillation. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Are plastic (nylon) tea bags okay to use? There are two potential problems, as we explain in the ConsumerTips section of our Green Tea Review. Also see our Top Picks for green tea.

A CL Member asked if taking Essential Skin Food -- or other non-collagen products marketed for collagen production -- reduces wrinkles. Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Collagen Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Pick collagen supplements for skin health and for joint pain.

Can you absorb vitamin D if applied to the skin as a cream? Find out what research suggests in the Topical Vitamin D section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among vitamin D supplements.

Are "hydrogen water" or "H2 tablets" effective for any medical condition? Find out in our article about hydrogen water.

Carotenoids, such as lycopene and lutein, are best absorbed when taken with a meal with oils -- but the type of oil matters, according to a recent study that compared the effects of olive oil and coconut oil. See the details in the What to Consider When Using section of our Lycopene Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick among lycopene supplements.

Also see our Top Picks among lutein and vision supplements and our answer to the question: Which supplements should be taken with food?”

Are some types of kava less likely to cause liver damage than others? Find out in our article about liver toxicity and supplements.

Can you use whitening toothpastes and strips on crowns, veneers, or other dental restorations? Find out in our article about dental products.

Also see our Top Picks among whitening toothpastes and whitening strips.

Some websites have tried to dismiss the recently reported link between erythritol and heart-related adverse events. Find out why these suggestions are flawed in our article about sweeteners.

Also, find out why some monk fruit sweeteners are sweeter than others and learn about potential safety concerns with aspartame (in NutraSweet and Equal) and sucralose (in Splenda).

Oxalates can promote the formation of kidney stones and are found in turmeric supplements. However, this is not an issue with many curcumin supplements, as discussed in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for turmeric and curcumin.

Also see our article about supplements that increase or reduce the risk of kidney stones.

Does zinc orotate shorten colds or have other benefits? Find out what research has shown in the For Colds section of our Zinc Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for zinc lozenges, and learn about other supplements for colds in our answer to the question: Do any supplements help prevent or treat a cold?

Be aware the kratom can interact with prescription medications, as was seen in a recent study. For details, see our article about kratom.

Did taking an acai supplement reduce muscle fatigue and soreness after exercise? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Acai Berry Supplements & Beverages Review.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods, or oils help reduce muscle pain, muscle cramps, or nighttime leg cramps?

Due to high levels of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, found in tests of flaxseed products reported in January, we purchased and tested seven additional products.

Four products could not be fully approved, due to cadmium contamination -- two of which also had incorrect nutritional facts.

However, three products were fully approved and have become Top Picks, including a whole flaxseed, ground flaxseed, and as a flaxseed cracker.

See the results now in our expanded Whole, Ground, Milled, and Cracker Flaxseed Review.

Only four of 20 brands of bromelain purchased on Amazon provided the enzyme activity expected from their labels, three of which had no detectable enzyme activity, according to a recent report. For details by brand, see the Quality Concerns section of our Digestive Enzyme Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among digestive enzyme products.

The herbicide glyphosate was reported in chocolates. Should you be concerned? See details in our article: How concerned should I be about glyphosate in foods and supplements?

Learn about polydextrose, sorbitol, and trehalose in our article about the Pros and Cons of Stevia and Other Sugar Substitutes.

Also find out if stevia loses sweetness during storage.

Find out if there are good plant sources of B-12, if certain foods can increase the availability of zinc, and if vegetarians or vegans should supplement with taurine.

Is Colgate Ultra Brite toothpaste a good option for whitening teeth? Find out in the Whitening Agents section of our article about Toothpastes and other dental products.

Also see our Top Picks for whitening toothpastes.

Are sunscreens that are "non-nano," i.e., that don’t contain nanoparticles, safer? Find out in our updated CL Answer "What is the best sunscreen based on safety and efficacy?”

Also see our list of sunscreens that may be less problematic, including several "non-nano" sunscreens.

Neuriva, a supplement promoted to improve memory and cognition, was recently tested in a clinical trial. Find out what the study showed in our article about Neuriva.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Did taking a protein supplement lead to faster improvement in walking speed among older men and women than exercise alone? Find out what a recent study showed in the Building and maintaining muscle mass section of our Protein Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Pick among protein supplements (including whey, casein, pea, and soy).

Does taking branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) after lower back surgery help with recovery? Find out what a recent study showed in the BCAAs section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among BCAA supplements.

Does spraying the skin with lavender oil reduce the pain of an injection? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review.

Also see our Top Picks among lavender and tea tree oils.

Concerned about lead found by ConsumerLab in psyllium supplements, a CL member asked Viva Naturals about the quality of its Organic Psyllium Husk Powder, which was not tested by ConsumerLab. Viva provided its quality specifications for the product. See how this compares to amounts of lead actually found in competing products in the Update to the Psyllium Fiber Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among psyllium supplements.

Be aware that quercetin might reduce the effectiveness of some antivirals, including an antiviral in Paxlovid used to treat COVID-19. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Quercetin Supplements Review, which includes information about other potential interactions with quercetin, as well as our Top Picks among quercetin supplements.

Also see our CL Answer about Supplements for COVID-19.

We tested three new olive oils based on reader requests, and the results are in! Our new tests included two olive oils that claim to be high in polyphenols, and the results were surprising:

-- One olive oil was rated so poorly by our professional taster it was considered to be "lampante" -- i.e., not fit for human consumption.

-- The other high-polyphenol oil delivered a good amount of polyphenols, rated well for taste, and is now our new Top Pick for a very high-polyphenol olive oil.

We also tested California Olive Ranch Global Blend but were somewhat disappointed.

See the results now for 13 popular olive oils in our updated Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review.

Does drinking caffeinated coffee cause heart palpitations, or reduce sleep? See what a recent study found in our updated article about coffee and heart health.

Did vitamin D supplementation decrease symptoms in people with plaque psoriasis? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

New research suggests the best way to take iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia. Get the details in our Iron Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among iron supplements.

Does the supplement Nerve Control 911 reduce nerve pain? See what the evidence suggests in our updated article about supplements for nerve pain.

• How many diet sodas would need to be consumed to exceed the acceptable daily intake limit for aspartame?
• Have sweeteners been linked with ringing in the ears? Read about rare reports with aspartame and saccharin.
• Are tagatose or glycine good options for use as sugar substitutes?

Some lip balms contain nanoparticles of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide – is this safe? Find out in our updated CL Answer about sunscreens.

The shelf lives of several at-home COVID antigen tests were recently extended by 3 to 11 months. Get the details in our article about tests, which includes our Top Picks based on performance and price.

A recent case highlighted the risk of bleeding with high-dose vitamin E supplementation when also taking ibuprofen. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin E Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin E.

What is fermented coffee and does it have different health effects than traditional coffee? Find out in our updated article about coffee.

Although moderate coffee consumption is generally safe for healthy individuals, people with heart arrhythmias need to be more careful, as explained in our article about coffee and heart health.

Does taking phosphatidylcholine help with ulcerative colitis? See what the research has shown in the Ulcerative colitis section of our Choline Supplements Review. Also see our Top Pick among phosphatidylcholine supplements.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help for ulcerative colitis?

Find out if taking collagen (which is a protein) improves wrinkles if you already use a protein powder, such as whey. Also, learn if collagen is as good as whey for muscle maintenance.

We previously reported that Lakanto Monkfruit Sweetener is mostly erythritol, with very little monk fruit. However, not all Lakanto products contain erythritol. Get the details in the Monk Fruit section of our article about the Pros and Cons of Sugar Substitutes.

Sensodyne ProNamel Gentle Whitening Toothpaste is marketed for reducing sensitivity and whitening teeth, but it's not our Top Pick for desensitizing or for whitening. Learn why and see which toothpastes we prefer for desensitizing and for whitening in our article about dental products.

See which sunscreen products contain less problematic ingredients and how they compare on cost at today’s prices. See our lists of safer sunscreens and facial moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup foundations.

• SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) in toothpaste can be an irritant for some people. See which toothpastes don’t contain it but are accepted by the American Dental Association.
• Is it okay for a desensitizing toothpaste to be moderately abrasive?
• Are the artificial sweeteners in toothpaste a safety concern?

See our full article about dental products, including tooth whiteners.

Walking and tai chi both improved cognition in men and women with mild cognitive impairment in a recent study, although one was better. Learn more in our article about supplements and lifestyle interventions for memory and cognition.

Does supplementing with high doses of vitamin C and/or vitamin E hinder beneficial changes that occur during high-intensity interval training? Find out what a recent study showed in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin C.

Find how much caffeine is in decaffeinated coffee in our article about coffee and heart health.

Polydextrose, which is sometimes used as a sweetener, can have a range of flavors depending on its form. Get the details in the Polydextrose section of our article about stevia and other sweeteners.

The EPA recently proposed federal limits on PFAS, chemicals with potentially negative health effects, in drinking water. Get the details in our updated answer to the question: How can I avoid PFAS in dental floss, food, water, and other products?

Some paper coffee filters contain toxic chemicals that can leach into coffee. Learn more and how to reduce exposure in CL Answer about coffee.

Can oral hygiene practices lead to increased or decreased blood pressure? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about toothpastes and dental products.

For older people, a new study suggests that the timing of protein intake during the day may be important, although more research is needed. Get the details in the When to take section of our Protein Powders and Shakes Review. Also find out when to take protein around exercise for greater metabolic improvement and fat loss.

See our Top Pick among protein powders.

Topical tea tree oil can cause skin reactions, but there may be ways to minimize the risk, according to a recent review. Get the details in the Cautions and Concerns section of our Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review.

Also see our Top Pick for tea tree oil.

Find out how abrasive Sensodyne Pronamel Mineral Boost Toothpaste is and whether we think it’s a good option for people with sensitive teeth, in our updated CL Answer about toothpastes and other dental products.

A federal complaint was recently filed charging that Nutrafol hair supplements are not “clinically proven,” as advertised, and alleging misleading online reviews. Get the details in our updated article about supplements for hair.

Is Volcanic Nectar Blue Agave a healthier option than other agave syrups? Find out in the Agave syrup section of our CL Answer about stevia and other sweeteners.

As ConsumerLab has pointed out in the past, many prenatal supplements don't contain the right amounts of key ingredients. A recent analysis by nutrition experts of over 400 products on the market in the U.S. came to the same conclusion. Get the details in our Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick prenatal multivitamin as well as our Top Pick overall multi and Top Picks by age and gender.

Are toothpastes that contain nano-hydroxyapatite safe to use? Find out what research suggests in the Hydroxyapatite section of our CL Answer about toothpastes and other dental products.

Find out which insect repellants (for ticks and mosquitoes) are our Top Picks for use on skin and on clothing and gear based on their ingredients.

Also find out:

• Why lotions and wipes are not among our Top Picks.
• If you should apply insect repellent before or after sunscreen.
• If mosquito repellents work against ticks.

Does supplementing with butyrate improve symptoms of ulcerative colitis or maintain remission? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about butyrate supplements for gut health.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for ulcerative colitis.

Does wearing clothing treated with the insect repellent permethrin increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about insect repellents which includes our Top Pick repellents for use on skin and on clothing.

Does vitamin D supplementation reduce relapse rates in people with multiple sclerosis? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Also see: Supplements for multiple sclerosis (MS): Do any supplements reduce symptoms or relapse?

Consuming oats, which contain beta-glucan, can help lower cholesterol. But do beta-glucan supplements help? See what a study showed in the Benefits section of our Oat Cereals Review, which includes our Top Picks among oat products.

Also see our article about supplements for heart health to learn which other supplements may help lower cholesterol.

Can an over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aid (Lexie) work as well as one fitted by an audiologist? Find out what a recent study showed in our CL Answer about OTC hearing aids.

Also see our comparison table for information about the pros and cons of prescription vs. OTC hearing aids.

Can supplementing with Centrum Silver reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia among older people? Find out what a recent study showed in the Memory and Cognition section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review, and see our Top Pick multivitamin for people 50 and older.

Also find out if supplementing with cocoa flavanols helps with cognition in older people.

The FDA recently warned that a popular N95 mask should no longer be used. Details are in our article about facemasks, which includes our Top Picks among N95 and KN95 masks.

Does corn silk tea help reduce nighttime urination? Find out what research suggests in our article about supplements for nighttime urination.

Do mosquito and tick repellents work against biting flies? Find out in our article about bug repellents, which includes our Top Picks on skin and on clothes.

Find out how well clothing protects against UV rays and which fabrics and colors provide the most protection in our CL Answer about sunscreens.

Also see our list of safer sunscreens.

Does taking vitamin D during pregnancy help prevent asthma in offspring? Find out in the Asthma section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Another study has found a link between use of aspartame (in Equal and NutraSweet) and increased cancer risk. Learn more in our article about sweeteners (which covers more than 20 types of sweeteners).

• Removing Chlorine Taste
• Reducing Fluoride
• Removing Arsenic
• Reducing Earthy Taste (due to high TDS)

Find out what studies have shown when melatonin has been used by people with Alzheimer’s disease as well as cognitively healthy older people in the What It Does section of our Melatonin Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for melatonin.

Taking high-dose zinc long-term can cause copper deficiency, resulting in a range of adverse effects. Because testing for copper deficiency is not routine, it may go undiagnosed, as shown in a recent study. Find out how to avoid copper deficiency when taking zinc in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Zinc Supplements and Lozenges Review.

Some people experience nausea or stomach upset after taking a multivitamin. Find out which ingredients may cause this problem and how to avoid nausea when taking a multi in our Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Can supplementing with pumpkin seed reduce the need to urinate at night among people with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or OAB (overactive bladder)? Get the details in the Pumpkin Seed section of our article about BPH. Also learn about other approaches in our article about supplements for nighttime urination.

How does the sweetener acesulfame K (Ace-K), found in products such as Sunett and Sweet One, compare to sugar and is it safe? Find out in our updated article about stevia and sugar substitutes.

Does vitamin C shorten the duration of colds? Get the details, and learn about one study that was recently retracted. See the Colds and immune system health section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among vitamin C supplements.

Higher intakes of the compound spermidine from the diet have been associated with a lower incidence of cognitive decline, but does taking spermidine have this benefit? Find out in our article: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Chocolate and cocoa can be good sources of copper, an essential mineral. Find out how much copper is in chocolates and cocoa in the ConsumerTips section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoas Review.

Also find out how much cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, we found in popular products, and see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars, cocoa powders, and cocoa supplements.

The shelf-life of repellants depends on the compounds they contain. Get the details in our article about bug sprays for preventing tick and mosquito bites.

Also, see our Top Pick insect repellent for skin and clothing.

Do instant coffees or coffee substitutes (such as Postum) contain more or less acrylamide (a probable carcinogen) than brewed coffee? Find out in our updated article about acrylamide in foods and beverages.

Bleached coffee filters can contain a small amount of dioxin (a harmful chemical), but there’s a way to reduce the amount. Find out in the Dioxins in coffee filters section of our article about coffee and heart health.

Eighty-eight percent of melatonin gummies didn’t contain their exact, listed amounts of melatonin in a recently published study. Learn more about this in the Quality Concerns section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, and see our Top Picks among melatonin supplements and learn which gummies passed and which failed our tests.

Also see our 2-minute video highlighting three things you need to know about melatonin supplements.

A recent study of dental flosses found that 11 had a marker for PFAS, a class of compounds with health concerns. See the brands that might have PFAS and brands unlikely to have PFAS in our updated article about PFAS.

We just updated the prices of products we've tested and found that prices of some (such as light tuna) are lower now. See the latest prices and our Top Picks for canned tuna, salmon, and sardines.

Tests of water-resistant sunscreens by Consumer Reports found that, despite health concerns with chemical sunscreens, they performed better than mineral sunscreens. Find out why this might be in our article about sunscreens.

Which forms of zinc are best absorbed? Find out what a recent study showed in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Zinc Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among zinc supplements and lozenges.

Did taking capsules of true (Ceylon) cinnamon reduce fasting blood sugar or HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our Cinnamon Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among cinnamon supplements and spices.

After publishing our recent review of water filter pitchers, several readers asked us about the Clearly Filtered pitcher, which was not tested. We’ve added information about this product – including a questionable claim – to the ConsumerTips section of the review. Also see our Top Picks among tested water filter pitchers.

We’ve added 5 more dental flosses to our list of those unlikely to contain PFAS, a class of compounds with health concerns. See the list in our article about PFAS.

Does applying melatonin to the scalp help prevent hair from falling out? Find out what research suggests in the Other Uses section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among melatonin supplements.

Also see our article about supplements for hair.

One of these can help with restless leg syndrome, while the other doesn’t. Learn the difference in our GABA Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for GABA.

Also see our article about supplements for restless legs syndrome.

Counterfeit versions of psyllium, a multivitamin, magnesium, and eight other types of supplements from a major brand have been sold online. Details and how to avoid this are in our Psyllium Supplements Review.

A popular brand of mushroom supplements has also reported counterfeit versions of its products. Details and how to avoid this are in our Lion's Mane Review.

Many of the best-selling blood pressure monitoring devices sold on Amazon in the U.S. and Canada aren’t validated for accuracy, according to a recent study. We’ve added information about this and how to find a validated device to our article about supplements that can affect blood pressure.

In many parts of the U.S., drinking water exceeds proposed limits for potentially toxic PFAS compounds. How well do water filter pitchers remove PFAS? Find out in the PFAS section of our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

Also see our Top Picks for water filter pitchers.

Until May 11, U.S., households are eligible to receive four at-home COVID tests from the government if not already ordered this year. Get the details in our article about COVID Tests, which includes our Top Picks among at-home rapid antigen tests.

If you use medication, such as omeprazole to reduce stomach acid, be aware that this can also reduce certain vitamins and minerals in your body, and supplements can affect how well these acid reducers work. See the updated information.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for indigestion and heartburn.

We’ve updated our list of supplements that may impact the effectiveness of blood thinners such as Eliquis (apixaban) and Xarelto (rivaroxaban). Get the details.

Also find out which supplements may impact the blood thinning effects of warfarin.

Interdental brushes and toothpicks, such as The Doctor’s BrushPicks, may be easier for some people to use than floss. Learn more and find out which ones claim not to contain PFAS in our updated article about PFAS in Dental Products.

We’ve added information about an add-on to Brita filters that claims to remove potentially dangerous PFAS from drinking water. See the PFAS section of our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

Also see our Top Picks among water filter pitchers.

Prostadine is a supplement that claims to support prostate health and bladder control, but does it really work? Find out in our Prostate Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick among prostate supplements.

Also see our article about  supplements to reduce nighttime urination.

Find out which brands of white (i.e., “bleached”) coffee filters are least likely to expose users to dioxins in our article about coffee.

Certain lots of a popular at-home COVID test sold by CVS and Amazon has been recalled due to bacterial contamination. Get the details in our article about testing for coronavirus.

Can taking bee pollen reduce symptoms of seasonal allergies? Find out in our article about bee pollen.

Did you know that it’s best to wait at least 30 minutes after eating to brush your teeth? You should also delay using mouthwash after brushing. Learn why in our article about toothpastes.

Also, learn if you should use toothpaste made with sea salt or hydroxyapatite.

Does eating raw garlic or ginger increase the risk of bleeding and interact with blood-thinners? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions sections of our Garlic and Ginger Supplements Reviews.

Also see our articles about supplement interactions with blood thinners such as apixaban (Eliquis) and warfarin (Coumadin).

What blood level of PFAS has been linked with adverse effects, and does dental floss containing PFAS put one over that level? Find out in our updated article about PFAS.

Seven dental flosses were recently found to contain small amounts of a marker compound for PFAS but are unlikely to actually contain PFAS. Some other flosses, however, are likely to contain it. Details are in our article about PFAS.

A recent study found that some personal care products, including hand soaps, contain an ingredient known to the State of California to cause cancer. Get the details, including what to look for on the label if you want to avoid it, in our article about soaps that won’t irritate the skin.

Also, see our Top Picks for body wash and bar soap.

Do menthol gels like Biofreeze provide effective pain relief and are they safe? Find out in our new article about topical menthol.

Does taking melatonin with CBD increase melatonin’s sleep effect or add side effects? See what a new study found.

Also see: What are the best supplements or lifestyle modifications for sleep, and which can make insomnia worse?

We learned that the ingredient formula in our Top Pick for Turmeric/Curcumin for dogs has changed -- see the Update. Also see our Top Picks among curcumin supplements for people and among turmeric spices.

Solgar GABA 500 mg was recently tested and Approved through our voluntary Quality Certification Program and was added to our GABA Supplements Review.

Solgar L-Theanine 150 mg was recently tested and Approved through our voluntary Quality Certification Program and was added to our L-Theanine Supplements Review.

Does taking vitamin D improve the effects in men of prescription medication for ED? Find out in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Certain sweeteners should not be used for decreasing weight or preventing chronic diseases, according to a new report. Find out which sweeteners are of concern and why in our updated article about sweeteners.

Does the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that reduce stomach acid, like omeprazole, increase the risk of dementia? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about supplements and brain function.

Are calcium, magnesium, or aluminum-containing antacids beneficial for peptic ulcers? Find out in our article about supplements for peptic ulcers.

Also find out which vitamins and minerals may be depleted when taking PPIs to treat peptic ulcer disease.

Does NourishVita Hair, Lash, & Brow Growth Supplement work? Find out in our article about supplements for hair.

We just tested Ka'Chava Superfood, a popular protein powder that also contains vitamins and minerals. See the results now in our Protein Powders and Shakes Review. Also see our Top Picks among protein supplements.

We just added a 7^th red flag to look out for when buying vitamins & supplements to our article about six other red flags.

Is N-acetyl cysteine ethyl ester (NACET) more bioavailable than NAC? Find out what research suggests in the What It Does section of our NAC Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for NAC.

A recent study suggests a dental concern with drinking kombucha. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among probiotic supplements.

Isothiazolinone compounds are found in some soaps and other personal care products and may cause allergic skin reactions. Learn which products contain them or don't contain them and what to look for on labels to avoid them.

Find out if magnesium is beneficial for preventing or reducing the severity of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in our Magnesium Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Which supplements can help with arthritis?

With the addition of Ka'Chava to our Protein Powders Review, we compared it to six other products as a meal replacement. See which is our Top Pick.

A study now in the news reported improved memory with Centrum Silver. Get our take on the study in the What It Does section of our Multivitamins Review, which includes our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Only 11% of 36 avocado oils passed tests of quality and purity in a recent study. Find out why in the Quality Concerns section of our Avocado Oils Review. Also see our Top Picks among avocado oils.

A CL member who asked Nuts.com about its testing of heavy metals in its nuts and other products was told "... we cannot share the results with our customers in compliance with FDA standards." Really? Learn what the FDA said about this when we asked in the Update to our Flaxseed Review.

Also see our Top Picks among flaxseed products.

Find out which ingredients in soap to avoid to keep skin from drying, as well 7 ways to keep skin hydrated in the tips for managing dry skin section of our article about soap.

Which sweeteners are most suitable for people with diabetes? Find out in the Diabetes section of our article about sweeteners.

D-ribose is promoted for increasing energy during exercise and reducing fatigue in people with fibromyalgia. But does it really work, and is it safe? Find out in our article about the health benefits of D-ribose.