Clinical Updates

Although uncommon, turmeric and curcumin supplementation may increase bleeding risk during medical procedures, as reported recently. Turmeric and curcumin may also increase bleeding risk in people taking blood-thinning medication. For details, see the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Did taking a ketone supplement help with weight management a recent study? Find out in our article about supplements for weight management.

Does drinking coffee, or adding milk to it, increase the risk of kidney stones? Find out in our CL Answer about foods, supplements, and kidney stone risk.

Can taking a PPI drug such as Prilosec (omeprazole), Prevacid, or Nexium, reduce the absorption of calcium? The answer is yes, but there are ways to minimize this problem, as discussed in our Calcium Supplements Review.

Is it better to get B vitamins through supplements, foods, or a combination of the two? See our answer.

Can extra virgin olive oil improve memory and learning in people with mild cognitive impairment? Find out what a recent study found in the Memory section of our Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Reducing calorie intake can help with weight management but it can also lead to bone loss. Find out what experts have recently recommended to help curb bone loss and reduce fracture risk when dieting in our updated CL Answer about supplements and diets for osteoporosis.

Be aware that more vitamin D can now be added to breakfast cereals and nutrition bars based on a recent FDA ruling. Get the details in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Is pea protein powder is a significant source of the phytate, which can reduce mineral absorption? Find out what research suggests in the ConsumerTips section of our Protein Powders Review.

Can low blood levels of magnesium increase the risk of gout, and does magnesium supplementation help? Find out in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among magnesium supplements.

Also see: Which supplements and foods help with gout and which may worsen it?

Aconite is a highly toxic plant compound that can cause dangerous heart arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Find out which supplements may contain aconite and how to avoid it, in our answer to the question: How can I avoid aconite – a toxin – in Aconitum supplements?

A new report raises concerns that some arnica products (used to reduce bruising and swelling) may contain cheaper, substitute ingredients. Learn more in our CL Answer about arnica pills, gels, creams and sprays.

If you are allergic to sesame, here's some good news: The presence of sesame in a product must now be listed on labels as a food allergen. However, be aware that sesame may not be listed on products already on store shelves. We've added details about this to our answer to the question: What are "hypoallergenic" supplements? How can I find hypoallergenic supplements on ConsumerLab.com?

Although not on the label, we found out how much phytate, an anti-nutrient, is in our Top Pick for pea protein powder. Learn the details and implications in our updated Protein Powders and Shakes Review.

Can supplementing with black seed oil, or applying it to the scalp, increase hair thickness and slow shedding of hair? Find out in our updated article about supplements for hair.

Can taking urolithin A reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis? Find out what the latest research suggests in our answer about urolithin A which also discusses its use in reducing age-related muscle decline.

Find out if research supports the following lifestyle changes for reducing symptoms of tinnitus:

• Boosting fiber intake
• Avoiding refined sugar
• Restricting salt intake
• Using bimodal stimulation devices

Taking a large, monthly dose of vitamin D was associated with a 29% increase in the risk of death in older men and women, according to a recent study. Get the details in the How Much Is Too Much section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which explains additional risks of getting too much vitamin D, as well as how much is needed.

Some people supplement with collagen by mixing it in their coffee. Does that ruin the collagen? Find out in our updated CL Answer about the effects of coffee on nutrients. (Also see our Collagen Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.)

Find out if the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin) can cause ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and see a list of other medications that may have this effect in our article about tinnitus.

Is tricaprin (a medium chain triglyceride or MCT) beneficial in coronary artery disease and which products contain this ingredient? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements for heart health. (Also see our Review of MCT Oils.)

There’s some controversy over whether it’s better to buy whole flaxseed and grind it at home or buy ground flax. See what the evidence suggests in the ConsumerTips section our Flaxseed Review.

We are currently purchasing and will soon be testing additional whole flaxseed products and appreciate the hundreds of suggestions received this week from readers. In the meantime, if you need to purchase whole flaxseed, see our recommendations. Also see our current Top Pick for ground flaxseed.

Does dark chocolate increase the blood-thinning effects of medications such as clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Are there supplements, foods, or beverages that I should avoid when taking clopidogrel (Plavix)?

Does supplementation with creatine cause water retention or weight gain? Find out what a recent study suggests in the updated Concerns and Cautions section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for creatine and BCAA workout supplements.

Find out which supplements or foods help relieve acid reflux (heartburn) and which worsen it.

Experts in Europe recently cut in half the daily upper limit on how much copper people can safely consume. Find out how this compares to the limit in the U.S. and to amounts in multivitamins in the Copper section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

Also see: What are trace minerals and do I need them?

What are "broad-spectrum" micronutrient supplements and how do they compare to multivitamins? Find out in our new article about "broad-spectrum" micronutrient supplements.

Also see our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Does a low-carbohydrate or a ketogenic diet reduce symptoms of acid reflux? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about food, supplements, and acid reflux.

Also, find out if zinc carnosine and the supplement Acid Soothe help improve symptoms of acid reflux.

Alginate supplements can help reduce symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD – a common cause of heartburn), but they may also reduce the absorption of medications, as well as vitamins, and minerals. Learn how to avoid this in the Concerns and Cautions section our Alginate Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among alginate supplements.

Do plasmalogen supplements improve memory and cognition? Are they safe? Find out in our new article about plasmalogen supplements.

To build muscle and burn fat, some people exercise without having eaten since the prior day. Having some protein or amino acids around the time of exercise can help with building muscle – but what’s the best time to do that? Find out what research suggests, in our updated CL Answer about essential amino acids.

Also see: I do moderate exercise for about an hour a few times a week. Which supplements might help me?

A diet extremely high in fish oil caused hair loss in a recent study in mice. Should this be a concern for people? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for fish oil.

Also see: Do hair supplements, such as Viviscal, Hair La Vie, and Nutrafol, or topical essential oils work?

Did consuming a large daily amount of cocoa flavanols help women with insulin resistance in a recent study? Find out in the What It Does section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars and cocoa products.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Can aloe or probiotics help reduce symptoms of acid reflux? Find out approaches to acid reflux.

We added information about whether certain supplements lower the risk of calcification in the coronary artery to our CL Answer about supplements for heart health.

Is there a link between canned fish and cancer, as there is for some other processed meats? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Tuna, Salmon, Sardines & Herring Review. Also see our Top Picks for canned fish.

Find out if the following improve, or worsen, symptoms of acid reflux:

• Turmeric & Curcumin
• Menthol (in toothpastes, mouthwashes and chewing gum)
• Alanine
• Glutamine
• Glycine

If you take metformin to treat diabetes, be aware that you are at higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Recent laboratory research suggests a possible reason for this, as discussed in the ConsumerTips section of our B Vitamins Review. Also see our Top Picks among B12 supplements.

A recent study investigated how fish oil supplementation may help to reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Get the details, and learn if fish oil can help with osteoarthritis and other inflammatory conditions, in our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for fish oil.

Also see: Which supplements can help with arthritis?

See which foods offer significant amounts of plasmalogens in our updated CL Answer about plasmalogens for cognitive function.

The NAD booster, nicotinamide riboside, might promote growth of existing cancers. Is there similar risk with niacin and niacinamide (nicotinamide)? Find out what evidence suggests in the Concerns and Cautions section of our NAD Booster Supplements Review.

Also, see our Top Pick among niacin supplements in our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

We’ve summarized in a simple table how to take vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids to maximize absorption.

Does taking vitamin D improve cognition or slow cognitive decline among older people with already sufficient blood levels of vitamin D? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements, foods and lifestyle modifications for brain function.

Find out how many cups of green tea per day is associated with lower risk of heart disease in the What It Does section of our Green Tea Supplements Review, and see our Top Picks for green tea.

Chlormequat – a compound with potential negative effects – has been found in many oat-based food products sold in the U.S. Should you be concerned? Get the details, including products with the highest amounts, in the Quality Concerns section of our Oat Cereals Review.

Whey protein seems to help control blood sugar levels, and a recent study suggested that it may do more than just slow gastric emptying and increase insulin levels. Get the details in the Diabetes section of our Protein Powders and Shakes Review. Also see our Top Picks for whey protein.

Re-esterified triglyceride forms of fish oil are among the best absorbed forms. But even among these re-esterified forms, there can be differences. Find out what a recent study suggests in the Forms of Fish Oil section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Strontium is included in some "bone health" supplements, but be aware that very high doses of strontium may interfere with blood tests for calcium and bone density scans. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Calcium and Bone Health Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work and laboratory tests?

Can eating smoked or salted fish increase the risk of cancer? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Canned Tuna, Salmon, Sardines & Herring Review. Also see our Top Picks among products.

Traumeel and T-Relief are homeopathic arnica products, but do they help relieve pain? Find out in our updated article about arnica pills and creams.

Since the absorption of curcumin is increased when taken with a fatty meal, would taking it with fish oil have the same benefit? Find out in our CL Answer about the best way to take curcumin.

Does taking Pycnogenol (pine bark extract) reduce calcifications in the arteries in people with atherosclerosis? Find out what a study found in our CL Answer about Pycnogenol.

Did magnesium supplementation slow coronary artery calcification in people with chronic kidney disease? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for magnesium.

Also see: Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy? Are there any to avoid?

Find out how the following supplements, and other approaches, affect liver function in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):

• Berberine
• Fish oil
• Probiotics

Did taking lion’s mane boost cognitive function in healthy, young people in a recent study? Find out in our Lion's Mane Review, which also discusses lion’s mane’s effects on older people and identifies our Top Pick among Lion's Mane supplements.

Also, see our article about other supplements for brain function.

A CL member asked how steeping green tea in cold water rather than brewing in hot water affects levels of polyphenols and caffeine in the tea. See what a study found in the ConsumerTips section of our Green Tea Review, which includes our Top Picks for green tea.

Can hawthorn berry supplements lower cholesterol and improve heart health? Find out in our updated CL Answer about cholesterol lowering supplements.

Also find out if hawthorn berry lowers blood pressure in our article about supplements for lowering blood pressure.

A CL member pointed out that supplementing with plasmalogens at high doses was reported to improve cognitive function in a 2022 study of cognitively impaired adults. We reviewed study and found significant weaknesses. Get the details in the Brain Function section of our CL Answer about plasmalogens.

Does taking vitamin D reduce frequent urination and other lower urinary symptoms in men with low levels of vitamin D? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Also see: 9 Supplements That May Help Reduce Nighttime Urination (And 4 That May Not)

TUDCA supplements are commonly promoted for treating liver disorders, but is there evidence supporting the use of TUDCA for fatty liver disease? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements for fatty liver.

Also, see our CL Answer about TUDCA for details about its other uses, potential safety concerns, and cost.

Can supplementing with beta-alanine improve cognitive function or mood in older men and women? Find out what a recent study showed in the Beta-Alanine section of our CL Answer about L-Carnosine (which contains beta-alanine).

Also, see our CL Answer about supplements for memory and cognition.

A CL Member who takes numerous dietary supplements reported having low blood levels of phosphorus. Find out which supplements, conditions, and medications can contribute to this in the Phosphorus section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

A CL member asked whether fish or other marine sources of collagen are good alternatives to collagen from chicken, pigs, or cows, and if there are plant-based sources of collagen. Find out about fish collagen and learn about "plant-based" collagen boosters in our Collagen Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among collagen supplements.

Find out if spirulina or brown seaweed help with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in our updated CL Answer about supplements for fatty liver. Also see our Top Pick for spirulina.

There are major differences in the amounts of nitrate (a key compound) in beetroot juice products. Learn more in our CL Answer about beetroot juice.

High doses of vitamin B-6 from supplements may cause adverse effects, even when doses do not exceed the established tolerable limit for B-6, as highlighted by a recently reported case. Learn about getting too much or too little vitamin B-6 in our B Vitamins Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among B-6 and other B vitamin supplements.

Did a turmeric extract without curcumin relieve knee pain following stair climbing exercise? Find out what a recent study showed in the Muscle Soreness and Recovery After Exercise section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among turmeric and curcumin supplements.

After bariatric ("stomach-reducing") surgery, be aware that iron requirements may significantly increase. Get the details in the What It Does section our Iron Supplements Review.

Also see our article about which supplements are important after bariatric surgery.

High-dose vitamin D supplementation may damage DNA, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Does curcumin supplementation decrease cholesterol, triglycerides, or liver enzyme levels in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Review. Also see our Top Picks among turmeric and curcumin supplements and spices.

Be aware that taking curcumin may increase the pain of passing a gallstone and, as seen in a recent case, increase the risk of gallbladder perforation. Get the details, and learn about other potential adverse effects of curcumin in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review.

Also see how coffee and supplements affect gallstones.

Some supplements may diminish the benefits of exercise. Learn more in our CL Answer about supplements that may boost or blunt exercise benefits.

How does the absorption of calcium lactate compare to that of other forms of calcium, such as calcium citrate and calcium carbonate? Find out in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Calcium Supplements Review, which also includes our Top Picks for calcium.

What is the best way to take Pycnogenol? Find out in the How to Take section of our updated CL Answer about Pycnogenol.

Does supplementing with fish oil boost gains from resistance exercise? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Muscle, Strength and Falls section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for fish oil.

A preliminary clinical study suggested that taking nicotinamide riboside reduced blood markers of Alzheimer’s disease. For details, see the What It Does section of our NAD Boosters Review, which includes our Top Pick among nicotinamide riboside supplements.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Can vegan protein derived from fungus (sold as Quorn) improve muscle mass and strength as effectively as milk-based protein, and is it safe? Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Protein Powders and Shakes Review.

Also see our Top Picks among protein powders, including a product suitable for vegans.

Does supplementing with beetroot extract improve exercise? See what a recent study found in our updated CL Answer about beetroot for blood pressure and exercise.

Drinking kombucha (a fermented beverage containing probiotics) with a high-carb meal may blunt the rise in blood sugar after the meal, according to a recent study. Get the details in the What It Does section of our Probiotic Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

A CL Member with acid reflux reported symptom relief with TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) supplementation, but does clinical evidence support this use? Find out in our updated CL Answer about TUDCA.

Also, see our CL Answer about supplements that may improve or worsen acid reflux.

Can supplementing with psyllium help maintain remission in people with ulcerative colitis? Find out what research suggests in our Psyllium Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help for ulcerative colitis?

Can taking melatonin along with Ambien or Lunesta cause a hangover? Find out what a recent report suggests in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Melatonin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for melatonin.

Does supplementation with a prebiotic improve mood or sleep? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Prebiotic Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among prebiotics.

Also see: What are the best supplements or lifestyle modifications for insomnia, and which can make insomnia worse?

The order in which you eat foods during a meal can improve blood sugar control. Learn more in our updated CL Answer about supplements and food for blood sugar control.

A CL member asked if beetroot can increase the risk or progression of multiple sclerosis. Find out in our updated CL Answer about beetroot juice and supplements.

Also see: Supplements for multiple sclerosis (MS): Do any supplements reduce symptoms or relapse?

High intake of erythritol was linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke in a recent analysis. Should you be concerned? Find out in the Erythritol section of our CL Answer about sweeteners.

Did eating foods rich in prebiotic compounds improve mood in people with moderate psychological distress? See what a recent study showed in our Prebiotics Supplements Review.

Also find out which foods are high in prebiotic fiber.

Did taking amla extract reduce fasting blood sugar or HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes? Find out in our article about the health benefits of amla extract.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Does high intake of soy foods or soy isoflavones make it harder to get pregnant? See what a recent study found in the Concerns and Cautions section of our review of soy isoflavone supplements.

Kratom-related deaths were found to be much more common than expected from previous years in a recent analysis. Get the details, and learn more about kratom, in our updated answer to the question: Is kratom too dangerous to use?

Supplements promoted to stimulate human growth hormone (HGH) supplements are often promoted to slow signs of aging, but do they really work and are they safe? Get the details, and learn if there are any ways to naturally raise HGH levels, in our article about HGH supplements.

Can taking collagen cause depression? Find out, and learn about other potential side effects of collagen, in the updated Concerns and Cautions section of our Collagen Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among collagen supplements.

Also see: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

Should I take a strontium supplement for my bones? See our answer about supplements for osteoporosis.

How do beverages sweetened with stevia or other low-calorie sweeteners affect blood sugar and appetite compared to sugar-sweetened beverages? See what a recent study found in our updated article about stevia and other alternative sweeteners.

Can supplementing with fish oil improve the likelihood of pregnancy among women with PCOS-related infertility? Find out what a recent study showed in the Infertility section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for fish oil supplements.

Be aware that high-dose fish oil supplementation increases the risk of atrial fibrillation. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Are plastic (nylon) tea bags okay to use? There are two potential problems, as we explain in the ConsumerTips section of our Green Tea Review. Also see our Top Picks for green tea.

A CL Member asked if taking Essential Skin Food -- or other non-collagen products marketed for collagen production -- reduces wrinkles. Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Collagen Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Pick collagen supplements for skin health and for joint pain.

Can you absorb vitamin D if applied to the skin as a cream? Find out what research suggests in the Topical Vitamin D section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among vitamin D supplements.

Are "hydrogen water" or "H2 tablets" effective for any medical condition? Find out in our article about hydrogen water.

Carotenoids, such as lycopene and lutein, are best absorbed when taken with a meal with oils -- but the type of oil matters, according to a recent study that compared the effects of olive oil and coconut oil. See the details in the What to Consider When Using section of our Lycopene Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick among lycopene supplements.

Also see our Top Picks among lutein and vision supplements and our answer to the question: Which supplements should be taken with food?”

Are some types of kava less likely to cause liver damage than others? Find out in our article about liver toxicity and supplements.

Can you use whitening toothpastes and strips on crowns, veneers, or other dental restorations? Find out in our article about dental products.

Also see our Top Picks among whitening toothpastes and whitening strips.

Some websites have tried to dismiss the recently reported link between erythritol and heart-related adverse events. Find out why these suggestions are flawed in our article about sweeteners.

Also, find out why some monk fruit sweeteners are sweeter than others and learn about potential safety concerns with aspartame (in NutraSweet and Equal) and sucralose (in Splenda).

Oxalates can promote the formation of kidney stones and are found in turmeric supplements. However, this is not an issue with many curcumin supplements, as discussed in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for turmeric and curcumin.

Also see our article about supplements that increase or reduce the risk of kidney stones.

Does zinc orotate shorten colds or have other benefits? Find out what research has shown in the For Colds section of our Zinc Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for zinc lozenges, and learn about other supplements for colds in our answer to the question: Do any supplements help prevent or treat a cold?

Be aware the kratom can interact with prescription medications, as was seen in a recent study. For details, see our article about kratom.

Did taking an acai supplement reduce muscle fatigue and soreness after exercise? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Acai Berry Supplements & Beverages Review.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods, or oils help reduce muscle pain, muscle cramps, or nighttime leg cramps?

Due to high levels of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, found in tests of flaxseed products reported in January, we purchased and tested seven additional products.

Four products could not be fully approved, due to cadmium contamination -- two of which also had incorrect nutritional facts.

However, three products were fully approved and have become Top Picks, including a whole flaxseed, ground flaxseed, and as a flaxseed cracker.

See the results now in our expanded Whole, Ground, Milled, and Cracker Flaxseed Review.

Only four of 20 brands of bromelain purchased on Amazon provided the enzyme activity expected from their labels, three of which had no detectable enzyme activity, according to a recent report. For details by brand, see the Quality Concerns section of our Digestive Enzyme Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among digestive enzyme products.

The herbicide glyphosate was reported in chocolates. Should you be concerned? See details in our article: How concerned should I be about glyphosate in foods and supplements?

Learn about polydextrose, sorbitol, and trehalose in our article about the Pros and Cons of Stevia and Other Sugar Substitutes.

Also find out if stevia loses sweetness during storage.

Find out if there are good plant sources of B-12, if certain foods can increase the availability of zinc, and if vegetarians or vegans should supplement with taurine.

Is Colgate Ultra Brite toothpaste a good option for whitening teeth? Find out in the Whitening Agents section of our article about Toothpastes and other dental products.

Also see our Top Picks for whitening toothpastes.

Are sunscreens that are "non-nano," i.e., that don’t contain nanoparticles, safer? Find out in our updated CL Answer "What is the best sunscreen based on safety and efficacy?”

Also see our list of sunscreens that may be less problematic, including several "non-nano" sunscreens.

Neuriva, a supplement promoted to improve memory and cognition, was recently tested in a clinical trial. Find out what the study showed in our article about Neuriva.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Did taking a protein supplement lead to faster improvement in walking speed among older men and women than exercise alone? Find out what a recent study showed in the Building and maintaining muscle mass section of our Protein Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Pick among protein supplements (including whey, casein, pea, and soy).

Does taking branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) after lower back surgery help with recovery? Find out what a recent study showed in the BCAAs section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among BCAA supplements.

Does spraying the skin with lavender oil reduce the pain of an injection? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review.

Also see our Top Picks among lavender and tea tree oils.

Concerned about lead found by ConsumerLab in psyllium supplements, a CL member asked Viva Naturals about the quality of its Organic Psyllium Husk Powder, which was not tested by ConsumerLab. Viva provided its quality specifications for the product. See how this compares to amounts of lead actually found in competing products in the Update to the Psyllium Fiber Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among psyllium supplements.

Be aware that quercetin might reduce the effectiveness of some antivirals, including an antiviral in Paxlovid used to treat COVID-19. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Quercetin Supplements Review, which includes information about other potential interactions with quercetin, as well as our Top Picks among quercetin supplements.

Also see our CL Answer about Supplements for COVID-19.

We tested three new olive oils based on reader requests, and the results are in! Our new tests included two olive oils that claim to be high in polyphenols, and the results were surprising:

-- One olive oil was rated so poorly by our professional taster it was considered to be "lampante" -- i.e., not fit for human consumption.

-- The other high-polyphenol oil delivered a good amount of polyphenols, rated well for taste, and is now our new Top Pick for a very high-polyphenol olive oil.

We also tested California Olive Ranch Global Blend but were somewhat disappointed.

See the results now for 13 popular olive oils in our updated Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review.

Does drinking caffeinated coffee cause heart palpitations, or reduce sleep? See what a recent study found in our updated article about coffee and heart health.

Did vitamin D supplementation decrease symptoms in people with plaque psoriasis? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

New research suggests the best way to take iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia. Get the details in our Iron Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among iron supplements.

Does the supplement Nerve Control 911 reduce nerve pain? See what the evidence suggests in our updated article about supplements for nerve pain.

• How many diet sodas would need to be consumed to exceed the acceptable daily intake limit for aspartame?
• Have sweeteners been linked with ringing in the ears? Read about rare reports with aspartame and saccharin.
• Are tagatose or glycine good options for use as sugar substitutes?

Some lip balms contain nanoparticles of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide – is this safe? Find out in our updated CL Answer about sunscreens.

The shelf lives of several at-home COVID antigen tests were recently extended by 3 to 11 months. Get the details in our article about tests, which includes our Top Picks based on performance and price.

A recent case highlighted the risk of bleeding with high-dose vitamin E supplementation when also taking ibuprofen. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin E Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin E.

What is fermented coffee and does it have different health effects than traditional coffee? Find out in our updated article about coffee.

Although moderate coffee consumption is generally safe for healthy individuals, people with heart arrhythmias need to be more careful, as explained in our article about coffee and heart health.

Does taking phosphatidylcholine help with ulcerative colitis? See what the research has shown in the Ulcerative colitis section of our Choline Supplements Review. Also see our Top Pick among phosphatidylcholine supplements.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help for ulcerative colitis?

Find out if taking collagen (which is a protein) improves wrinkles if you already use a protein powder, such as whey. Also, learn if collagen is as good as whey for muscle maintenance.

We previously reported that Lakanto Monkfruit Sweetener is mostly erythritol, with very little monk fruit. However, not all Lakanto products contain erythritol. Get the details in the Monk Fruit section of our article about the Pros and Cons of Sugar Substitutes.

Sensodyne ProNamel Gentle Whitening Toothpaste is marketed for reducing sensitivity and whitening teeth, but it's not our Top Pick for desensitizing or for whitening. Learn why and see which toothpastes we prefer for desensitizing and for whitening in our article about dental products.

See which sunscreen products contain less problematic ingredients and how they compare on cost at today’s prices. See our lists of safer sunscreens and facial moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup foundations.

• SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) in toothpaste can be an irritant for some people. See which toothpastes don’t contain it but are accepted by the American Dental Association.
• Is it okay for a desensitizing toothpaste to be moderately abrasive?
• Are the artificial sweeteners in toothpaste a safety concern?

See our full article about dental products, including tooth whiteners.

Walking and tai chi both improved cognition in men and women with mild cognitive impairment in a recent study, although one was better. Learn more in our article about supplements and lifestyle interventions for memory and cognition.

Does supplementing with high doses of vitamin C and/or vitamin E hinder beneficial changes that occur during high-intensity interval training? Find out what a recent study showed in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin C.

Find how much caffeine is in decaffeinated coffee in our article about coffee and heart health.

Polydextrose, which is sometimes used as a sweetener, can have a range of flavors depending on its form. Get the details in the Polydextrose section of our article about stevia and other sweeteners.

The EPA recently proposed federal limits on PFAS, chemicals with potentially negative health effects, in drinking water. Get the details in our updated answer to the question: How can I avoid PFAS in dental floss, food, water, and other products?

Some paper coffee filters contain toxic chemicals that can leach into coffee. Learn more and how to reduce exposure in CL Answer about coffee.

Can oral hygiene practices lead to increased or decreased blood pressure? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about toothpastes and dental products.

For older people, a new study suggests that the timing of protein intake during the day may be important, although more research is needed. Get the details in the When to take section of our Protein Powders and Shakes Review. Also find out when to take protein around exercise for greater metabolic improvement and fat loss.

See our Top Pick among protein powders.

Topical tea tree oil can cause skin reactions, but there may be ways to minimize the risk, according to a recent review. Get the details in the Cautions and Concerns section of our Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review.

Also see our Top Pick for tea tree oil.

Find out how abrasive Sensodyne Pronamel Mineral Boost Toothpaste is and whether we think it’s a good option for people with sensitive teeth, in our updated CL Answer about toothpastes and other dental products.

A federal complaint was recently filed charging that Nutrafol hair supplements are not “clinically proven,” as advertised, and alleging misleading online reviews. Get the details in our updated article about supplements for hair.

Is Volcanic Nectar Blue Agave a healthier option than other agave syrups? Find out in the Agave syrup section of our CL Answer about stevia and other sweeteners.

As ConsumerLab has pointed out in the past, many prenatal supplements don't contain the right amounts of key ingredients. A recent analysis by nutrition experts of over 400 products on the market in the U.S. came to the same conclusion. Get the details in our Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick prenatal multivitamin as well as our Top Pick overall multi and Top Picks by age and gender.

Are toothpastes that contain nano-hydroxyapatite safe to use? Find out what research suggests in the Hydroxyapatite section of our CL Answer about toothpastes and other dental products.

Find out which insect repellants (for ticks and mosquitoes) are our Top Picks for use on skin and on clothing and gear based on their ingredients.

Also find out:

• Why lotions and wipes are not among our Top Picks.
• If you should apply insect repellent before or after sunscreen.
• If mosquito repellents work against ticks.

Does supplementing with butyrate improve symptoms of ulcerative colitis or maintain remission? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about butyrate supplements for gut health.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for ulcerative colitis.

Does wearing clothing treated with the insect repellent permethrin increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about insect repellents which includes our Top Pick repellents for use on skin and on clothing.

Does vitamin D supplementation reduce relapse rates in people with multiple sclerosis? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Also see: Supplements for multiple sclerosis (MS): Do any supplements reduce symptoms or relapse?

Consuming oats, which contain beta-glucan, can help lower cholesterol. But do beta-glucan supplements help? See what a study showed in the Benefits section of our Oat Cereals Review, which includes our Top Picks among oat products.

Also see our article about supplements for heart health to learn which other supplements may help lower cholesterol.

Can an over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aid (Lexie) work as well as one fitted by an audiologist? Find out what a recent study showed in our CL Answer about OTC hearing aids.

Also see our comparison table for information about the pros and cons of prescription vs. OTC hearing aids.

Can supplementing with Centrum Silver reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia among older people? Find out what a recent study showed in the Memory and Cognition section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review, and see our Top Pick multivitamin for people 50 and older.

Also find out if supplementing with cocoa flavanols helps with cognition in older people.

The FDA recently warned that a popular N95 mask should no longer be used. Details are in our article about facemasks, which includes our Top Picks among N95 and KN95 masks.

Does corn silk tea help reduce nighttime urination? Find out what research suggests in our article about supplements for nighttime urination.

Do mosquito and tick repellents work against biting flies? Find out in our article about bug repellents, which includes our Top Picks on skin and on clothes.

Find out how well clothing protects against UV rays and which fabrics and colors provide the most protection in our CL Answer about sunscreens.

Also see our list of safer sunscreens.

Does taking vitamin D during pregnancy help prevent asthma in offspring? Find out in the Asthma section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Another study has found a link between use of aspartame (in Equal and NutraSweet) and increased cancer risk. Learn more in our article about sweeteners (which covers more than 20 types of sweeteners).

• Removing Chlorine Taste
• Reducing Fluoride
• Removing Arsenic
• Reducing Earthy Taste (due to high TDS)

Find out what studies have shown when melatonin has been used by people with Alzheimer’s disease as well as cognitively healthy older people in the What It Does section of our Melatonin Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for melatonin.

Taking high-dose zinc long-term can cause copper deficiency, resulting in a range of adverse effects. Because testing for copper deficiency is not routine, it may go undiagnosed, as shown in a recent study. Find out how to avoid copper deficiency when taking zinc in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Zinc Supplements and Lozenges Review.

Some people experience nausea or stomach upset after taking a multivitamin. Find out which ingredients may cause this problem and how to avoid nausea when taking a multi in our Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Can supplementing with pumpkin seed reduce the need to urinate at night among people with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or OAB (overactive bladder)? Get the details in the Pumpkin Seed section of our article about BPH. Also learn about other approaches in our article about supplements for nighttime urination.

How does the sweetener acesulfame K (Ace-K), found in products such as Sunett and Sweet One, compare to sugar and is it safe? Find out in our updated article about stevia and sugar substitutes.

Does vitamin C shorten the duration of colds? Get the details, and learn about one study that was recently retracted. See the Colds and immune system health section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among vitamin C supplements.

Higher intakes of the compound spermidine from the diet have been associated with a lower incidence of cognitive decline, but does taking spermidine have this benefit? Find out in our article: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Chocolate and cocoa can be good sources of copper, an essential mineral. Find out how much copper is in chocolates and cocoa in the ConsumerTips section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoas Review.

Also find out how much cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, we found in popular products, and see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars, cocoa powders, and cocoa supplements.

The shelf-life of repellants depends on the compounds they contain. Get the details in our article about bug sprays for preventing tick and mosquito bites.

Also, see our Top Pick insect repellent for skin and clothing.

Do instant coffees or coffee substitutes (such as Postum) contain more or less acrylamide (a probable carcinogen) than brewed coffee? Find out in our updated article about acrylamide in foods and beverages.

Bleached coffee filters can contain a small amount of dioxin (a harmful chemical), but there’s a way to reduce the amount. Find out in the Dioxins in coffee filters section of our article about coffee and heart health.

Eighty-eight percent of melatonin gummies didn’t contain their exact, listed amounts of melatonin in a recently published study. Learn more about this in the Quality Concerns section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, and see our Top Picks among melatonin supplements and learn which gummies passed and which failed our tests.

Also see our 2-minute video highlighting three things you need to know about melatonin supplements.

A recent study of dental flosses found that 11 had a marker for PFAS, a class of compounds with health concerns. See the brands that might have PFAS and brands unlikely to have PFAS in our updated article about PFAS.

We just updated the prices of products we've tested and found that prices of some (such as light tuna) are lower now. See the latest prices and our Top Picks for canned tuna, salmon, and sardines.

Tests of water-resistant sunscreens by Consumer Reports found that, despite health concerns with chemical sunscreens, they performed better than mineral sunscreens. Find out why this might be in our article about sunscreens.

Which forms of zinc are best absorbed? Find out what a recent study showed in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Zinc Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among zinc supplements and lozenges.

Did taking capsules of true (Ceylon) cinnamon reduce fasting blood sugar or HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our Cinnamon Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among cinnamon supplements and spices.

After publishing our recent review of water filter pitchers, several readers asked us about the Clearly Filtered pitcher, which was not tested. We’ve added information about this product – including a questionable claim – to the ConsumerTips section of the review. Also see our Top Picks among tested water filter pitchers.

We’ve added 5 more dental flosses to our list of those unlikely to contain PFAS, a class of compounds with health concerns. See the list in our article about PFAS.

Does applying melatonin to the scalp help prevent hair from falling out? Find out what research suggests in the Other Uses section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among melatonin supplements.

Also see our article about supplements for hair.

One of these can help with restless leg syndrome, while the other doesn’t. Learn the difference in our GABA Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for GABA.

Also see our article about supplements for restless legs syndrome.

Counterfeit versions of psyllium, a multivitamin, magnesium, and eight other types of supplements from a major brand have been sold online. Details and how to avoid this are in our Psyllium Supplements Review.

A popular brand of mushroom supplements has also reported counterfeit versions of its products. Details and how to avoid this are in our Lion's Mane Review.

Many of the best-selling blood pressure monitoring devices sold on Amazon in the U.S. and Canada aren’t validated for accuracy, according to a recent study. We’ve added information about this and how to find a validated device to our article about supplements that can affect blood pressure.

In many parts of the U.S., drinking water exceeds proposed limits for potentially toxic PFAS compounds. How well do water filter pitchers remove PFAS? Find out in the PFAS section of our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

Also see our Top Picks for water filter pitchers.

Until May 11, U.S., households are eligible to receive four at-home COVID tests from the government if not already ordered this year. Get the details in our article about COVID Tests, which includes our Top Picks among at-home rapid antigen tests.

If you use medication, such as omeprazole to reduce stomach acid, be aware that this can also reduce certain vitamins and minerals in your body, and supplements can affect how well these acid reducers work. See the updated information.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for indigestion and heartburn.

We’ve updated our list of supplements that may impact the effectiveness of blood thinners such as Eliquis (apixaban) and Xarelto (rivaroxaban). Get the details.

Also find out which supplements may impact the blood thinning effects of warfarin.

Interdental brushes and toothpicks, such as The Doctor’s BrushPicks, may be easier for some people to use than floss. Learn more and find out which ones claim not to contain PFAS in our updated article about PFAS in Dental Products.

We’ve added information about an add-on to Brita filters that claims to remove potentially dangerous PFAS from drinking water. See the PFAS section of our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

Also see our Top Picks among water filter pitchers.

Prostadine is a supplement that claims to support prostate health and bladder control, but does it really work? Find out in our Prostate Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick among prostate supplements.

Also see our article about  supplements to reduce nighttime urination.

Find out which brands of white (i.e., “bleached”) coffee filters are least likely to expose users to dioxins in our article about coffee.

Certain lots of a popular at-home COVID test sold by CVS and Amazon has been recalled due to bacterial contamination. Get the details in our article about testing for coronavirus.

Can taking bee pollen reduce symptoms of seasonal allergies? Find out in our article about bee pollen.

Did you know that it’s best to wait at least 30 minutes after eating to brush your teeth? You should also delay using mouthwash after brushing. Learn why in our article about toothpastes.

Also, learn if you should use toothpaste made with sea salt or hydroxyapatite.

Does eating raw garlic or ginger increase the risk of bleeding and interact with blood-thinners? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions sections of our Garlic and Ginger Supplements Reviews.

Also see our articles about supplement interactions with blood thinners such as apixaban (Eliquis) and warfarin (Coumadin).

What blood level of PFAS has been linked with adverse effects, and does dental floss containing PFAS put one over that level? Find out in our updated article about PFAS.

Seven dental flosses were recently found to contain small amounts of a marker compound for PFAS but are unlikely to actually contain PFAS. Some other flosses, however, are likely to contain it. Details are in our article about PFAS.

A recent study found that some personal care products, including hand soaps, contain an ingredient known to the State of California to cause cancer. Get the details, including what to look for on the label if you want to avoid it, in our article about soaps that won’t irritate the skin.

Also, see our Top Picks for body wash and bar soap.

Do menthol gels like Biofreeze provide effective pain relief and are they safe? Find out in our new article about topical menthol.

Does taking melatonin with CBD increase melatonin’s sleep effect or add side effects? See what a new study found.

Also see: What are the best supplements or lifestyle modifications for sleep, and which can make insomnia worse?

We learned that the ingredient formula in our Top Pick for Turmeric/Curcumin for dogs has changed -- see the Update. Also see our Top Picks among curcumin supplements for people and among turmeric spices.

Solgar GABA 500 mg was recently tested and Approved through our voluntary Quality Certification Program and was added to our GABA Supplements Review.

Solgar L-Theanine 150 mg was recently tested and Approved through our voluntary Quality Certification Program and was added to our L-Theanine Supplements Review.

Does taking vitamin D improve the effects in men of prescription medication for ED? Find out in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Certain sweeteners should not be used for decreasing weight or preventing chronic diseases, according to a new report. Find out which sweeteners are of concern and why in our updated article about sweeteners.

Does the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that reduce stomach acid, like omeprazole, increase the risk of dementia? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about supplements and brain function.

Are calcium, magnesium, or aluminum-containing antacids beneficial for peptic ulcers? Find out in our article about supplements for peptic ulcers.

Also find out which vitamins and minerals may be depleted when taking PPIs to treat peptic ulcer disease.

Does NourishVita Hair, Lash, & Brow Growth Supplement work? Find out in our article about supplements for hair.

We just tested Ka'Chava Superfood, a popular protein powder that also contains vitamins and minerals. See the results now in our Protein Powders and Shakes Review. Also see our Top Picks among protein supplements.

We just added a 7^th red flag to look out for when buying vitamins & supplements to our article about six other red flags.

Is N-acetyl cysteine ethyl ester (NACET) more bioavailable than NAC? Find out what research suggests in the What It Does section of our NAC Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for NAC.

A recent study suggests a dental concern with drinking kombucha. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among probiotic supplements.

Isothiazolinone compounds are found in some soaps and other personal care products and may cause allergic skin reactions. Learn which products contain them or don't contain them and what to look for on labels to avoid them.

Find out if magnesium is beneficial for preventing or reducing the severity of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in our Magnesium Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Which supplements can help with arthritis?

With the addition of Ka'Chava to our Protein Powders Review, we compared it to six other products as a meal replacement. See which is our Top Pick.

A study now in the news reported improved memory with Centrum Silver. Get our take on the study in the What It Does section of our Multivitamins Review, which includes our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Only 11% of 36 avocado oils passed tests of quality and purity in a recent study. Find out why in the Quality Concerns section of our Avocado Oils Review. Also see our Top Picks among avocado oils.

A CL member who asked Nuts.com about its testing of heavy metals in its nuts and other products was told "... we cannot share the results with our customers in compliance with FDA standards." Really? Learn what the FDA said about this when we asked in the Update to our Flaxseed Review.

Also see our Top Picks among flaxseed products.

Find out which ingredients in soap to avoid to keep skin from drying, as well 7 ways to keep skin hydrated in the tips for managing dry skin section of our article about soap.

Which sweeteners are most suitable for people with diabetes? Find out in the Diabetes section of our article about sweeteners.

D-ribose is promoted for increasing energy during exercise and reducing fatigue in people with fibromyalgia. But does it really work, and is it safe? Find out in our article about the health benefits of D-ribose.

Which type of fiber supplement is best for treating mild, chronic constipation? See what experts recommend, and why, in the What It Does section of our Psyllium Supplements Review.

Some people may experience a “loss of response” to melatonin. Find out what may cause it and what to do if it happens in the ConsumerTips section of our Melatonin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for melatonin.

Find out if D-ribose can reduce skin wrinkles, and learn if it might worsen cognitive function in our updated article about D-ribose.

Do alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) help or hurt dry skin? Find out in our updated article about finding soaps that won’t irritate skin.

Did high-dose vitamin D improve outcomes in people with Grave’s disease? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Does taking fish oil after dental "deep cleaning" reduce bleeding and pocketing around teeth in people with severe gum disease? Find out what a recent study showed in the Periodontitis section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for fish oil.

Can sucralose (such as in Splenda) cause DNA damage? See what new research suggests in our updated article about sweeteners.

A recent study identified benzene in 80% of tested sunscreen products, with three products containing benzene levels considered to be high. Get the details in our updated article about safe sunscreens.

Flaxseeds contain compounds that are converted in the body into ones having weak estrogen-like effects. Find out if these compounds have beneficial or adverse effects in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Flaxseed Review. Also see our Top Picks for whole and ground flaxseed.

High doses of biotin from supplements can interfere with a wide range of laboratory and at-home tests, including those for pregnancy, doping, COVID, and heart attacks. Get the details in the Biotin section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Also see: Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work and laboratory tests?

Does supplementing with a probiotic help lower cholesterol or triglycerides in people with high cholesterol? Find out what a recent study showed in the Lowering cholesterol & apoB section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among probiotics.

The right amount of blueberries may help slow bone loss in postmenopausal women according to a new study. Get the details in our article about supplements and diets for osteoporosis.

Does supplementing with the ubiquinol form of CoQ10 improve muscle strength in well-trained men? Find out what a recent study showed in the Strength and athletic performance section of our CoQ10 Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for CoQ10 and ubiquinol.

Did taking a "broad-spectrum micronutrient" improve symptoms of depression and anxiety? Find out in our article about broad-spectrum micronutrients.

Berberine is being called "nature’s Ozempic" – referring to the type 2 diabetes drug also used for weight management. But is there evidence to support this? See our Berberine Review to find out what it can do, if it's safe, how products rate on quality, and our top choices.

Does flaxseed oil provide lignans like whole flaxseed does? Find out the Concerns and Cautions section of our Flaxseed Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for whole and ground flaxseed and flaxseed oil.

Getting too much calcium from supplements and/or over-the-counter antacids can cause dangerously high blood levels of calcium, as highlighted in a recent report. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Calcium Supplements Review.

Also find out how much calcium is enough, and how much is too much, based on age and gender, in the ConsumerTips section of the Review.

ConsumerLab asked companies with recalled sunscreens if the products had been reformulated and re-tested. See the responses in our article about carcinogens in sunscreen.

If wildfire smoke is affecting your indoor air, see our recommended air cleaners, some of which have recently dropped by more than 50% in price.

Foundations and other cosmetics may be labeled with an SPF value, but they are generally not considered to be good alternatives to sunscreen. Find out why, and see product suggestions, in the updated article about safe and effective sunscreens.

Rarely, vitamin B-12 supplementation can cause an allergic reaction, as highlighted by a recent case. Be aware of the risks of B-12 as explained in our B Vitamin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin B-12 and other B vitamins.

Does grape seed extract improve cognition in older people with mild cognitive impairment, or in healthy young people? Find out in the Cognitive function section of our article about Grape Seed Extract. Also discussed is a misrepresented study of the ingredient Cognigrape.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Our Top Pick body wash for sensitive skin has been renamed and repackaged, but the ingredients remain the same.

If you have hard water, learn which soap ingredient may be particularly irritating.

Does melatonin supplementation decrease pelvic pain in women with endometriosis? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes a study of melatonin for menstrual pain.

Also see our Top Picks among melatonin supplements.

Can taking a probiotic supplement improve depression symptoms among people with moderate depression? Find out what a recent study showed in the Depression section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see: What are the best supplements for anxiety and depression?

Did consuming fish oil and chocolate improve cognition in people with cognitive decline? See what a new study found in the Cognitive Impairment section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among fish oil supplements.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Find out what the clinical evidence is for Tiger Balm (a brand of topical menthol products), and its safety in our article about the benefits and safety of topical menthol.

Arsenic is a known contaminant in rice, but is it a problem in rice milk? See what a new study showed and find out if it is a problem with other plant-based milks, in our Plant-Based Milks Review.

Also see our Top Picks among plant-based milks.

Find out why none of Kiehl’s facial sunscreens or SPF moisturizers are included in our lists of potentially safer sunscreens in our article about safe and effective sunscreens.

Taking very high doses of zinc, even short-term, can cause dangerously low blood sugar in people with no previous history of low blood sugar, as recently highlighted in a series of reports. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Zinc Supplements and Lozenges Review, which includes our Top Picks among zinc products.

Many news outlets have reported that taking taurine may increase lifespan or result in healthier aging, based on recently published research. Is this really true? See our take on the study in the What It Does section of our Taurine Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among taurine supplements.

Should you avoid coffee and tea after using whitening toothpastes or whitening strips? Find out in the whiteners section of our article about toothpastes and other dental products.

Can capsaicin cream, lotion or patches reduce nerve pain? Find out in our article about topical creams for pain relief.

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is promoted for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, as well as for other uses such as tinnitus and mood disorders. But does it really work, and is it safe? Find out in our article about the health benefits of PEA.

Does Arthrozene help relieve joint pain and is it safe? Find out in our new article about Arthrozene.

How much calcium should you be getting from foods and supplements, and how much is too much? Find out in our updated article about getting enough calcium.

Also see our Top Picks among calcium supplements.

In people with prediabetes, does taking vitamin D improve blood sugar regulation and decrease diabetes risk? Find out what a recent study showed in the Diabetes, insulin resistance and glucose control section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

A form of berberine is promoted as having "a positive effect on body composition." We looked into the study on which this claim is based. See what we learned in the What It Does section of our Berberine Review.

Can taking a prebiotic reduce upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms during colder months? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Prebiotic Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for prebiotics.

How do “non-animal” whey protein products such as V-Whey and Mooless compare to regular whey protein, and are they suitable for people sensitive to lactose or with milk allergies? Find out in our Protein Powders Review.

Also see our Top Picks among protein powders.

Did taking fish oil decrease symptoms of major depression in young people? See what a new study found in the Depression section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

Taking daily, low-dose aspirin may increase the risk of iron-deficiency anemia in older men and women, according to a recent study. Get the details in our Iron Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among iron supplements.

Does using the sweetener allulose along with sugar help lower blood sugar and insulin levels after a meal? Find out what a recent study showed in the Diabetes section of our article about sweeteners.

Also, find out what the main ingredient is in BetterStevia Organic Glycerite. Hint: It’s not stevia.

Does supplementing with vitamin D improve strength and muscle function among older men and women with slightly low or adequate blood levels of vitamin D? Find out what research suggests in the Strength and muscle function section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

A recent study showed an increase in dental fluorosis in children in areas with fluoridated water. Should you be concerned? Learn more in the Fluoride section our article about toothpaste and other dental products.

Based on questions from our members, ConsumerLab reached out to Kroger to find out if its waxed dental floss contains PFAS. Find out what we learned in our updated article about PFAS in dental floss and other products.

We’ve updated our article about this supplement widely promoted for joint health and muscle recovery. See our updated information about Omega XL.

Is protein better absorbed from a drink made from protein powder or a protein bar? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Nutrition Bars Review.

Also see our Top Picks among protein powders and drinks and Top Picks among nutrition bars.

Find out which supplements may affect the absorption of levothyroxine (Synthroid), and which levothyroxine formulations may reduce these interactions, in our updated article about supplements and foods to avoid with levothyroxine.

Does Vital 3 Joint Solution reduce joint pain? Find out in our updated article about Vital 3 Joint Solution.

Should people who drink water that has little fluoride take a fluoride supplement? Find out in the Fluoride section of our CL Answer about toothpaste and other dental products.

We have removed a brand of air purifier as a Top Pick, as it no longer carries a certification that we value. For details, see our article about air purifiers.

Did curcumin supplementation decrease pain or improve function in people with knee osteoarthritis? See what a new study found in the Osteoarthrits section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among turmeric/curcumin supplements and spices.

Also see: Which supplements help with arthritis?

Find out the best way to take iron supplements to increase iron absorption, and see our Top Picks among iron supplements.

Also learn about the causes of iron deficiency.

Does high-polyphenol extra virgin olive oil decrease inflammation compared to regular olive oil? See what a recent study found in our Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review.

Also see our Top Picks among extra virgin olive oils and learn what impact these oils may have on insulin and blood sugar control.

Can saffron reduce stress and anxiety? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Saffron Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among saffron supplements.

Also see: Do any supplements help relieve stress?

I notice that some multivitamins are timed-release. Is this better than a regular tablet or capsule? See our answer.

A review of 50 clinical studies with cranberry for UTIs suggests who might benefit most. Find out in the Urinary Tract Infections section of our Cranberry Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among cranberry juices and pills.

Are ingredients in a “liposomal” multivitamin better absorbed than from a regular capsule? Find out what a recent study showed in the ConsumerTips section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Many sunscreen products in Europe contain sunscreen ingredients not found in U.S. products. Learn the pros and cons of these ingredients in our article about sunscreens.

We’ve added more information about the risks of a supplement for joint pain sold by Walmart. Get the details.

Does collagen supplementation affect blood tests for osteoporosis? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Collagen Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among collagen supplements.

Also see: Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work and laboratory tests?

Find out which lower-calorie sweeteners are our Top Picks for use in cold beverages, hot beverages (such as in coffee or tea), and baking, in our article about sweeteners.

Sonic and oscillating electric toothbrushes may be more abrasive than manual toothbrushes, but there are steps you can take to reduce this. Get the details in our article about dental products.

Also, find out which additional ingredients may help strengthen enamel when included in fluoride toothpaste.

A study of tap water in U.S. homes found that, in many cases, both public supply and private well water exceed the EPA’s proposed limits for PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Get the details in our article about PFAS.

Find out which water filter pitchers claim to remove PFAS from water in our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

Although not tested, we also reviewed countertop reverse osmosis water filters for removing PFAS. See which is our Top Pick.

Did taking a probiotic further reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in people on a low-FODMAP diet? Find out in the IBS section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see: Do any supplements help for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Be aware of skin reactions to creams containing alpha-lipoic acid. See the Concerns and Cautions section of our Alpha-Lipoic Acid Review for details.

Many parts of the country are experiencing high temperatures this week. Can this ruin vitamins, minerals, and other supplements that are shipped by mail? Find out in our article about how supplements are effected by heat.

Should I take vitamin D when on doxycycline (used to treat Lyme disease)? Read why you may want to supplement with vitamin D if you’re on a long course of treatment with a medication that causes photosensitivity, such as doxycycline.

If you’re using a toothpaste for sensitivity but find that your teeth are still sensitive, it’s possible your toothpaste is too abrasive for you. Find out which toothpastes have lower or higher abrasiveness in our article about toothpastes and other dental products.

Also find out which types of toothbrushes are most abrasive.

A group of experts recently classified aspartame as "possibly carcinogenic." Learn what evidence was used to support this classification, and find out if all experts agree with it, in the Aspartame section of our article about sugar substitutes.

PFAS, or “forever chemicals” are now in many water supplies and can have adverse health effects. Recent tests show how effective water filter pitchers are in filtering them out. See the results and our suggested Top Pick among them in our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

Very high-dose fish oil has been shown to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm problem. A new study suggests why. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Does taking magnesium reduce anxiety? Find out what research has shown in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for magnesium.

Also see: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

Concentrations of "forever chemicals" in tap water samples from 18 states in the U.S. were recently reported. Learn more in our article about PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances).

For removing PFAS, see our Top Pick water filter pitcher and our Top Pick countertop reverse osmosis filter.

We reviewed the Winix 5300-2 Air Purifier. See how it compared to the Winix C535 and 50 other products in our article about air purifiers. Also see our Top Pick and Runners Up for use in medium and large rooms.

• Should you floss before or after brushing? See what research shows.
• Does rinsing with hydrogen peroxide change the microbiome of the mouth? Find out.
• How abrasive is Crest Pro-Health Gum and Sensitivity toothpaste? Learn what its maker told us.

A preliminary clinical study showed that EGCG from green tea extract may help shrink uterine fibroids. New research suggests why. For details, see the Fibroids section of our Green Tea Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among green tea supplements and teas and find out how much EGCG they contain.

Did the aroma of lavender oil improve sleep or reduce hot flashes in postmenopausal women with insomnia? Find out in the What It Does section of our Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review, which includes our Top Picks among essential oils.

Also see: Which supplements and lifestyle changes improve sleep, and which cause insomnia?

Several recent studies suggest the best way to take an iron supplement. Get the details in the ConsumerTips section of our Iron Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among iron supplements.

What are the most commonly reported side effects with saw palmetto use? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Prostate Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among prostate supplements.

Find out which foods and drinks are associated with tooth erosion in our article about toothpastes and other dental products.

We’ve added information about the best way to take vitamins B-6, B-12, and folate to our article about the best way to take vitamins and minerals.

Do fenugreek supplements lower blood sugar, increase testosterone, or have other potential health benefits? Find out in our new article about the health benefits and safety of fenugreek.

Does following a healthful diet help prevent cognitive decline among older people? Find out what a recent study showed in the Diet Modifications section of our article about supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications for memory and cognition.

Find out if taking amla syrup boosted hair growth in women losing hair in the Health Benefits section of our article about amla.

Also see our article about supplements for hair.

We answered the following questions this week, all of which relate to our article about toothpastes and other dental products:

• Can hydroxyapatite toothpaste prevent cavities as effectively as fluoride toothpaste?
• Does chlorhexidine mouthwash affect blood pressure?
• Why do some toothpastes contain glycine, and is this ingredient beneficial?
• Are probiotics beneficial for oral health?

Also, find out the abrasiveness of two Fluoridex brand toothpastes.

It’s commonly thought that taking probiotics helps restore the gut microbiome from taking antibiotics. But is this really how probiotics work? See what research suggests in the What It Does section of our Probiotic Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among probiotic supplements.

A CL member asked how Season sardines with bones compares to the Season boneless sardines that we tested. Find out.

Also see our Top Picks among sardines and for canned tuna, salmon, and herring.

For fluoride to work best, it is recommended that you spit out toothpaste rather than rinse, after brushing. A reader asked if the remaining fluoride poses a risk. Find out in our article about toothpastes and dental products.

Does brushing with a charcoal-containing toothpaste remove coffee stains better than a regular whitening toothpaste? Find out what a recent study showed in the Abrasive agents section of our CL Answer about toothpastes.

Also see our Top Pick toothpaste for whitening surface stains.

Can collagen or gelatin (including gelatin capsules) be contaminated with the infectious agent that causes "mad cow disease"? Find out. Also see our tests of collagen supplements and our Top Picks for skin & wrinkles and Top Picks for joints & tendons.

Some forms of decaffeinated coffee may contain potentially dangerous residual solvents used to remove the caffeine. See how selected brands compare and how you can avoid solvents in coffee, in our updated article about coffee and cancer.

The importance of taking folic acid at least one month before pregnancy was reiterated this week in a major report. For details, see our article about folic acid and pregnancy, which includes a video. Also see our Top Pick among prenatal vitamins in our Multivitamins Review.

Does turning off your smartphone a few minutes before bedtime help improve sleep quality? See what a recent study showed in the Lifestyle modifications section of our article about improving sleep.

Does taking berberine help lower blood sugar and cholesterol in people with prediabetes? Find out what a recent study showed the Berberine section of our Berberine and Goldenseal Supplements Review.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Does black currant seed oil, or its constituent gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), increase hair growth? Find out what research suggests in the GLA section of our ALA and GLA Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick for black currant seed oil.

Also find out if applying caffeine to the scalp increases hair growth and reduces shedding in our article about supplements and topicals for hair.

Can soft toothbrushes be more abrasive than medium or firm toothbrushes? Find out. Also learn if using an ultra-soft toothbrush is a good idea.

Are chemical solvents used to decaffeinate green tea? Find out in our Green Tea Review, which includes our Top Picks for green tea. Also learn about solvents in coffee.

The beneficial effects of beetroot juice are attributed to its nitrate. If not properly stored, however, the nitrate can be completely lost. See how to keep nitrate levels high -- as demonstrated in a recent study -- in our article about beetroot juice.

We said it was too good to be true, and now the distributor of a fruits & veggies supplement will pay over $1 million to settle a false advertising lawsuit. Get the details and our reviews of products sold by Balance of Nature, Juice Plus, Dr. Berg’s, and Nutrilite.

Also see our Top Picks among other greens supplements, including mixed greens powders, chlorella, and spirulina products.

Find out which brands of coffee do not use chemical solvents to decaffeinate their coffee in the “Does coffee contain toxic heavy metals or solvents?" section of our article about coffee & cancer.

Tests of several popular U.S. brands of oils (olive, sunflower, etc.) sold in plastic bottles found all to contain microplastic particles. See what else the researchers found in our article about microplastics in food and beverages.

Can CoQ10 be taken during cancer chemotherapy? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Coenzyme Q10 Supplements Review.

Also see: Do any supplements reduce the side effects of chemotherapy? Should any be avoided?

A recent study showed a problem with some sun-protective clothing. Get the details in the “Is sun-protection clothing effective?" section of our article about sunscreens.

Also see our list of safer sunscreens.

Can Theodent toothpaste, which contains theobromine instead of fluoride, help remineralize teeth and prevent cavities? Find out what research suggests in our article about toothpastes and other dental products, which includes our Top Pick for cavity prevention.

Are castor oil eye drops helpful for dry eye, blepharitis, or cataracts, and are they safe? Find out in our article about castor oil eye drops.

Is long-term use of aspartame, saccharin or sucralose linked with increased body fat, weight gain, and risk of obesity? See what a recent study showed in our updated article about sugar substitutes.

Very high-dose CBD was found to reduce symptoms such as vomiting and early fullness in people with gastroparesis – slow movement of foods out of the stomach. Details are in our Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Did taking probiotics reduce stress in recent studies? Find out in the Stress section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see: Do any supplements help relieve stress?

Does drinking kombucha help lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes? Find out what a recent study showed in the Kombucha section of our Probiotic Supplements Review.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

A new study shows why choosing the right-sized blood pressure cuff is critical for an accurate reading. Get the details in the blood pressure monitors section of our article about supplements and blood pressure.

Which brands of sun-protection clothing contain UV finishes that might wear off and which don’t? Find out in our article about sunscreens and other sun-protection products.

Also see our list of safer sunscreens.

People with a history of kidney stones often benefit from limiting intake of oxalates. Find out which foods have the highest amounts in our updated table, and learn about supplements that may reduce or increase the risk of kidney stones.

Do sunscreens with "DNA repair enzymes" really help reverse sun damage? Find out in our article about sunscreens.

Does drinking coffee decrease bone density or worsen symptoms of arthritis? Find out in our article about coffee and bone health.

Learn which decaf coffees do not use solvents in their production.

Be careful when taking more than one pill at a time. We’ve added a new tip in our article 7 Tips to Avoid Getting a Pill Stuck in Your Throat.

Did consuming a high-flavanol cocoa extract improve exercise capacity among older people in a recent study? Find out in the Exercise and physical performance section of our Dark Chocolates and Cocoa Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks among cocoa supplements and dark chocolate bars.

Did supplementing with vitamin D reduce symptoms or improve outcomes among people hospitalized with COVID-19? Find out what a recent study showed in our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Also see if zinc helped in the same study.

See if a panel of experts recently recommended inositol for PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) in our article about Inositol for PCOS.

Does supplementing with fenugreek enhance the benefits of resistance exercise? Find out what a recent study showed in our article about fenugreek.

Also see our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

We recently published a list of foods high in oxalate, of concern to some people with kidney stones, but be aware that overly restrictive low-oxalate diets are generally not recommended. Also learn how calcium intake affects risk, in our updated article about kidney stones.

Be aware that different types of blood pressure medication have different effects on hair growth. Get the details in our article about hair growth.

Walgreens has rebranded its "Finest Nutrition" supplements. Get the details in our B Vitamins Review.

Can sodium benzoate, a preservative used in supplements and foods, be converted to benzene, a toxic compound? Find out what a recent study showed in our article about Inactive Ingredients.

Also see our articles about benzene in sunscreens and deodorants.

Vitamin C can promote the conversion of sodium benzoate, a preservative, to benzene, a toxic chemical. Should you be worried about consuming products such as lemon juice (a source of vitamin C) preserved with sodium benzoate? Find out in the Preservatives section of our article about Inactive Ingredients.

Does CBD help to reduce symptoms of worry and anxiety? See what a new study found in our Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Consuming large amounts of turmeric spice may increase the effects of tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant medication, although moderate amounts may not have this effect, as was recently reported. Get the details, and learn about other potential interactions with turmeric and curcumin, in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements & Spices Review.

Also see our Top Picks among turmeric supplements and spices.

Although an essential nutrient, very high intake of selenium can cause hair to fall out, and a recent case report highlighted the need to consider how much selenium one gets from foods before supplementing with selenium. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Selenium Supplements Review.

Also see our article about hair growth to find out which other supplements can cause hair to fall out.

A laboratory study showed how green tea might help control blood sugar. Get the details in the Blood Sugar Control/Diabetes section of our Green Tea Review, which includes our Top Picks for green tea.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Melatonin supplements may affect blood sugar control and insulin function in people with type 2 diabetes, according to recent studies. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for melatonin.

Does Maxwell House decaffeinated coffee contain chemical solvent? Find out what the company told ConsumerLab in our updated article about coffee and cancer.

Most astaxanthin supplements purchased on Amazon.com and Walmart.com were found to provide only a fraction of the listed amounts of astaxanthin in recent tests by a competing supplement company. We’ve listed which products passed or failed this testing in our Astaxanthin Supplements Review, which includes our two Top Picks for astaxanthin.

A recently filed lawsuit alleges that Brita products do not live up to claims of removing hazardous contaminants from drinking water. Learn more and ConsumerLab’s take on the suit in our Water Filter Pitchers Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Find out if ingredients such as apoaequorin (found in Prevagen), ashwagandha, coffee extract, ginger, green tea, phosphatidylserine, or vitamin E, help improve memory and cognition in our article about supplements and foods for memory.

Can taking Zyflamend, a supplement with 10 herbal extracts, help improve symptoms of arthritis or other types of joint pain? Find out what research suggests in our article about supplements for arthritis.

Although rare, iron pills that end up in the windpipe and lungs can cause severe damage, as recently reported. See the Concerns and Cautions section of our Iron Supplements Review for details.

Also see: 7 Tips to Avoid Getting a Pill Stuck in Your Throat.

Did tart cherry extract reduce muscle soreness after exercise in a recent study? Find out, plus, see the evidence for tart cherry juice and supplements for improving sleep and memory, and other uses, in our article about the health benefits of tart cherry.

Low levels of B-12 have been linked with tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and other issues, but does taking B-12 reduce tinnitus? Find out in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for B-12 and other B vitamins.

Also see our article about supplements that may improve or worsen tinnitus.

Taking high-dose vitamin D greatly improved the outcomes of a large subgroup of people with gastrointestinal cancers (colorectal, gastric, esophageal). Get the details in the Cancer section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Is there evidence that cayenne pepper or capsaicin helps reduce symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon? See what research suggests in our article about supplements and Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Find out how temperature and humidity affect NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) quality, and learn one way to tell if it has been compromised, in the ConsumerTips section of our NAC Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for NAC.

Bovine colostrum is promoted to “boost the immune system,” but did it reduce upper respiratory symptoms when taken during fall and winter? See what a new study showed in our article about the health benefits of bovine colostrum.

Also see: Do any supplements help prevent or treat a cold?

When being treated with antibiotics for H. pylori infection (a common cause of stomach ulcers), does taking a probiotic improve outcomes? Find out what a recent study showed in the H. pylori infection section of our Probiotic Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among probiotics.

Also see: 7 Supplements That May Help Treat Peptic Ulcers – And Some to Avoid.

Be aware that vitamin B-12 deficiency can cause a range of side effects. Among these are low blood cell counts, as described in a recent case report. Get the details in the Symptoms of B-12 deficiency section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Also see our Top Picks for B-12 and other B vitamins.

Does Dunkin’ Donuts or Nespresso decaffeinate its coffee with chemical solvents? Find out in our article about coffee and cancer risk.

Counterfeit versions of a major brand of eye vitamin have been sold on Amazon. For details, see the Update in our Vision Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among vision supplements.

Also see: How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements

Drinking green tea can affect the absorption of many drugs, as was most recently shown with raloxifene (Evista), a medication used to treat osteoporosis and reduce breast cancer risk. Learn about these interactions (including those with certain statins, beta-blockers, and blood thinners) in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Green Tea Review. Also see our Top Picks among green tea products.

Consumption of fruits high in anthocyanins, like blueberries, is associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Does consuming large amounts of blueberries reduce markers of Alzheimer’s? See what a recent study found in our article about supplements and foods for memory.

Are there safety concerns with taking L-arginine? There are with high doses, capsules, and if you’ve had a heart attack. Learn more in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Arginine Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among arginine products.

Can cooking with cast iron cookware increase iron in your diet? Find out what research suggests in the ConsumerTips section of our Iron Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among iron supplements.

We’ve updated our information about shilajit, which is promoted for a range of health benefits and as a source of essential minerals. Learn more in our article about shilajit.

Do decaffeinated coffees from Seattle's Best or San Fransisco Bay use the solvent methylene chloride? We’ve added information about these to our article about coffee and cancer risk that covers more than 20 coffee brands.

Brita responded to the recent lawsuit alleging that its products do not remove all hazardous contaminants. Get the details in our Water Filter Pitchers Review, and see our Top Picks among water filter pitchers.

We've chosen our Top Picks for dental floss, floss picks, and dental tape in our updated article about avoiding PFAS in dental products.

Does the highly-advertised supplement, Prevagen, really improve memory? We’ve updated our article about Prevagen to reflect its current labeling and claims.

Does coconut oil control blood sugar levels? See what a recent analysis of clinical studies concluded in the Blood Sugar and Insulin Control section of our Coconut and MCT Oils Review. Also see our Top Picks among coconut and MCT oils.

Did supplementing with prebiotic fiber improve mood? Find out what a recent study showed in the Mood section of our Probiotic Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among prebiotic supplements.

Does taking propolis and bee pollen help people with rheumatoid arthritis? Find out in our article about supplements for arthritis.

Do lysine, monolaurin, or olive leaf extract help prevent or treat cold sores? Find out in our updated article about supplements for canker sores and cold sores.

Using a water filter pitcher or other home water filter was linked to significantly lower blood levels of PFAS in a recent study. Get the details in our Water Filter Pitchers Review, and find out how water filter pitchers compare on removing PFAS, our Top Picks for removing PFAS, and our Top Picks for removing other substances in water.

Does Starbucks decaffeinate its coffee with chemical solvents? Find out in our article about coffee and cancer risk.

Our Top Pick dental floss is waxed (as this tends to be stronger and easier to use than unwaxed), but if you prefer unwaxed floss, see our top choice for unwaxed floss.

Curcumin (from turmeric) may reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, but does it also reduce the frequency of flare-ups? See what a new study found in the Arthritis section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Which supplements help with arthritis?

One form of iron may be better absorbed and cause less stomach upset than other forms, as was shown in a recent study. Get the details in the Forms of Iron and Avoiding Stomach Upset section of our Iron Supplements Review. Also see our Top Pick for iron, which contains this form.

Does instant coffee contain the same cholesterol-raising compounds found in regular, unfiltered coffee? Find out in our article about coffee and heart health.

Can arginine supplementation trigger cold sore outbreaks? Find out what research suggests in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Arginine Supplements Review.

Also see: Can any vitamins or minerals help prevent or reduce canker sores or cold sores?

Do ginkgo supplements reduce symptoms of tinnitus? Find out what recent studies show in the What It Does section of our Ginkgo Supplements Review.

Also see: Do any supplements or lifestyle changes reduce the symptoms of tinnitus?

Does supplementing with vitamin D improve survival for people with solid tumors and low levels of vitamin D? See what a recent study showed in the Cancer section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

We've added information from two major supplements brands, Carlson and NOW, about how they sell online and on Amazon. It's all in our article about How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements.

Does WooBamboo floss contain PFAS? Find out in our article about PFAS, which includes dozens of flosses likely to not contain PFAS.

Does decaf instant coffee contain less solvent than decaf ground coffee? Find out in our updated article about coffee and cancer.

Does green tea help prevent or treat cold sores? Find out what research suggests in our Green Tea Review, which includes our Top Picks for green tea.

Also see: Can any vitamins or minerals help prevent or reduce canker sores or cold sores?

Sea moss, sometimes called Irish moss, is promoted for improving thyroid health, boosting immunity, and improving gut health, but are these uses supported by clinical evidence? Find out in our article about sea moss and its constituent carrageenan.

Did taking high-dose krill oil for 6 months reduce pain in people with osteoarthritis of the knee? See what a recent study found in the Arthritis section of our Omega-3 Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for krill and fish oils.

Also see: Which supplements help with arthritis?

How much time in the sun is required to maintain adequate vitamin D levels in the winter versus the summer? Find out in the Getting vitamin D from sunlight section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among vitamin D supplements.

Does curcumin reduce symptoms of indigestion and does it provide additional benefit if taken with the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole? Find out what a recent study found in the Gastrointestinal Uses section of our Curcumin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for curcumin.

Ginger supplementation was shown to reduce nausea and vomiting in the days after chemotherapy treatment, according to a recent study. Get the details in our Ginger Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for ginger.

Also see: Do any supplements reduce the side effects of chemotherapy? Should any be avoided?

A common sweetener was linked with early puberty in girls in a recent study. An increased risk of cancer has also been reported. See the details in our article about sugar substitutes.

Does use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole (Prilosec), increase the risk of tinnitus? Find out, and also learn how other medications may affect tinnitus.

Also find out if wearing hearing aids reduces ringing in the ear from tinnitus.

Are toothpaste tubes labeled as recyclable actually getting recycled? See what a recent investigation found in our article about toothpastes, which includes our Top Picks for various types of toothpaste.

Does Clearly Filtered Water Pitcher do a good job removing PFAS ("forever chemicals") from tap water? Find out in our Water Filter Pitchers Review, which includes our Top Picks for removing PFAS as well as chlorine, arsenic, microbes, and more.

Does a protein drink like Ensure Protein help with recovery after hospitalization? See what a study showed in the Recovery section of our Protein Review, which includes our Top Picks among protein powders and drinks.

Does cat's claw reduce symptoms of arthritis, help with Alzheimer's disease, boost the immune system, or have other benefits? Find out in our new article about the health benefits and safety of cat's claw.

White noise may reduce ringing in the ears from tinnitus, but there may be a downside to it. Learn more in our article about supplements and other approaches to tinnitus.

Also learn if pain medications may increase the risk of tinnitus.

Did supplementation with vitamin B-6 reduce antibiotic-related side effects in people treated for H. pylori infection (a common cause of peptic ulcers)? Find out in our B Vitamin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for vitamin B-6 and other B vitamins.

Also see: 8 Supplements That May Help Treat Peptic Ulcers – And Some to Avoid

A recent study showed that taking vitamin D reduced gum inflammation. Get the details in the Periodontal disease section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

We've added information about Life Extension, Nature’s Bounty, Swanson, and other brands to our article about How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements.

Does taking coconut oil enhance, or diminish, the cholesterol-lowering effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor)? Find out what a recent study showed in our Coconut and Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) Oil Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.

Also see: Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy?

A compound in dishwasher "rinse aids" may potentially harm the lining of the intestine according to recent research. For details, see our article about supplements and foods for people with Crohn’s disease.

The supplement BoneUp is promoted for bone health, but is there evidence that it helps with osteoporosis? Find out in our article about supplements for osteoarthritis, which includes results of ConsumerLab tests of BoneUp’s quality.

Is nutritional yeast really a good source of vitamins and minerals, and is it safe? Find out in our new article about the health benefits and safety of nutritional yeast.

Does taking magnesium reduce ringing in the ears from tinnitus? Find out in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for magnesium.

Also see: Do any supplements or lifestyle changes reduce the symptoms of tinnitus? Is it true that some supplements can cause tinnitus?

Some people with adequate personal hygiene still experience body odor. Find out which supplements may help, and which may cause body odor in our new article Body Odor: Supplements & Foods That May Help, or Make It Worse.

Does cat’s claw supplementation reduce cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, or gastrointestinal side effects? Find out in our article about the potential benefits and side effects of cat’s claw.

Did drinking a beverage containing cacao flavanols improve mood in a recent study? Find out in the Mood and Stress section of our Dark Chocolates and Cocoa Powder Review, which includes our Top Picks for dark chocolate and cocoas.

For people already on a statin drug to lower cholesterol, does taking high-dose fish oil offer additional benefits? See what a new study found in the Taking With Statins section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for high-concentration fish oils.

Also see: Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy? Are there any to avoid?

Does supplementing with vitamin D during winter improve strength among people with low levels of vitamin D? Find out what a recent study showed in the Strength and muscle function section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Can taking melatonin reduce fatigue or other side effects of breast cancer therapy? Find out what a recent study showed in the Cancer Treatment Side Effects section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for melatonin.
 

Although rare, severe and life-threatening allergic reactions to folic acid from supplements have been reported. Get the details about this, as well as risks from too much folic acid, in the Folic Acid section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for folic acid and folate, and other B vitamins.

Does supplementing with creatine reduce fatigue or other symptoms in people with post-COVID fatigue syndrome? Find out what a recent study showed in the Creatine - What It Does section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for creatine.

Also see: How Should You Take Care of Yourself After You’ve Had COVID-19?

We've added information about Thorne and Garden of Life to our growing list of brands in our article How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements.

We recently reported a potential gastrointestinal concern with dishwasher rinse aids. Some readers suggested using vinegar or lemon juice instead, but are these good alternatives? Find out in our updated article about Crohn’s disease.

There is a settlement in a class action lawsuit against the maker of a popular brand of dry shampoos found to contain benzene (a carcinogen). Purchasers may be entitled to receive compensation. See details, including the deadline to make a claim, in our article about benzene in dry shampoos.

Each U.S. household can now order a set of four at-home COVID tests from the government. Get the details in our article about the best COVID tests.

Does biotin help nails to grow faster? Find out what research suggests, and also learn which topical treatment for hair growth may help nails to grow, in the Biotin section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for biotin and other B vitamins.

Can digestive enzyme supplements work as well as prescription enzymes for chronic pancreatitis, and can any other supplements help? Find out, plus, learn if any supplements can cause pancreatitis, in our new article about supplements and pancreatitis.

Is iodine from seaweed absorbed as well as iodine from iodine pills? Find out in the What It Does section of our Seaweed Snacks and Foods Review. Also see our Top Pick among seaweed snacks.

When taken as a supplement, activated charcoal can affect the absorption of nutrients and medications. Learn more in our article about flatulence.

Do any supplements help build and maintain muscle and strength as we age? Find out in our article about supplements and age-related muscle loss.

Did taking soy protein with isoflavones reduce wrinkles, pigmentation, or dry skin in postmenopausal women? Find out what a recent study showed in the Soy section of our Menopause Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements for tightening skin as well as our Top Pick collagen supplement for skin.

Is it helpful to take melatonin when taking a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) to improve symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? See what the latest study found in the Other uses section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for melatonin.

Also see: Which supplements, foods or diet and lifestyle changes help relieve acid reflux (heartburn), and which worsen it?

Does taking vitamin D reduce knee pain or improve function in people with knee osteoarthritis? See what a recent study suggests in the Osteoarthritis section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick for vitamin D.

Also see: Which supplements help with arthritis?

Counterfeit versions of supplements from Pure Encapsulations and Nature’s MD were recently sold on Amazon. Learn how to avoid counterfeits online, with specific information for 17 popular supplement brands (which now includes Jarrow, Natrol, and OmegaBrite).

Can collagen supplementation help strengthen bones? Find out what studies suggest in the Bone health section of our Collagen Supplements Review.

Also see: Do any supplements or diets help prevent or treat osteoporosis?

Can knee pain from osteoarthritis be reduced by a combination of krill oil, astaxanthin and hyaluronic acid? Find out what a recent study showed in the Osteoarthritis section of our Omega-3 Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for krill and fish oil supplements.

Also see: Which supplements help with arthritis?

Conolidine has been promoted as a natural pain reliever. But does it really work, and is it safe? Find out in our new article about conolidine supplements for pain.

Find out why water filters for Berkey filtration devices are not currently available. Get the details in our Water Filter Pitchers Review, which includes our Top Picks among water filter pitchers.

Find out which supplements medical experts recommend for chronic versus occasional constipation. See the Laxative use section of our Psyllium Supplements Review, which includes our Top Pick among products.

Also see: Which supplements and foods help relieve constipation and which can cause constipation?

Is it necessary to wear sunscreen in winter in northern climates? Find out what a recent analysis concluded in our updated article about sunscreens. Also see our list of safer sunscreens.

Does taking L-theanine (a compound that occurs naturally in tea) improve attention or cognition in healthy men and women? Find out in the What It Does section of our L-theanine Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for L-theanine.

Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Does PEA (palmitoylethanolamide) reduce intraocular pressure and slow loss of vision due to glaucoma? Find out in our article about PEA.

We've added information for five more brands to our article about How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements. The list now covers 22 brands and continues to grow.

Ashwagandha is widely promoted to reduce stress, but does it really work? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Ashwagandha Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for ashwagandha.

Does black seed oil, taken orally or topically, reduce the pain of knee osteoarthritis? Find out what a recent study showed in our article about black seed oil.

Ginger supplementation reduced menstrual pain and other symptoms in women with dysmenorrhea in a recent study. Get the details in the What It Does section of our Ginger Supplements & Spices Review. Also see our Top Picks among ginger supplements.

Does berberine reduce the risk of colon cancer recurrence? Find out what research has shown in the Other uses section of our Berberine Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for berberine.

Do fenugreek supplements pose a breast cancer risk? Find out in the Side Effects section of our article about fenugreek.

We have added information about several conolidine (CONOCOB2) products and their cost to our article about the possible benefits and safety of conolidine.

Is it safe to chew softgel supplements instead of swallowing them? Find out in our new article about softgels.

We've added information about how to purchase authentic products from Ancient Nutrition, Double Wood, KAL, Kyolic, and Twinlab to our article How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements, which now covers 27 brands.

Can modified citrus pectin (MPC) reduce inflammation or pain in people with knee osteoarthritis? Find out what a clinical study showed in our article about supplements for arthritis.

Also see the evidence for other ingredients promoted for osteoarthritis and our Top Pick supplements for joints in our Joint Health Supplements Review.

There is concern with krill being over-harvested. If you use krill oil, consider looking for a product that has been sustainably harvested. For details, see the Krill harvesting section of our Omega-3 Review, which includes our Top Pick among krill oil supplements.

Do afternoon naps improve cognitive function and sleep among people with mild cognitive impairment? Find out what a recent study showed in the Lifestyle Modifications section of our article about memory and cognition.

Can supplementing with a compound derived from spinach help decrease body weight or improve weight maintenance? Find out in the What They Do section of our Greens Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among fruits, veggies, and greens supplements.

Can eating manuka honey help improve symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our article about manuka honey.

Also see: Which supplements, foods or diet and lifestyle changes help relieve acid reflux (heartburn), and which worsen it?

Be aware that grape seed extract may affect iron levels in the body. For details, see our Iron Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for iron.

Also see: Which supplements can help treat anemia? Do any supplements cause a low red blood cell count?

Supplementing with vitamin E might increase the risk of recurrence of bladder cancer, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Cautions and Concerns section of our Vitamin E Supplements Review.

People with gout are advised to limit intake of purine-rich foods, including certain fish. Should fish oil supplements also be avoided? Find out in the Gout section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for fish oil.

Also see: "Which supplements and foods help with gout and which may worsen it?"

We've added information about how to purchase authentic products from each of these brands to our article How to Avoid Buying Counterfeit Vitamins and Supplements, which now covers 32 brands.

Are there supplements that increase testosterone levels? Find out in our article about testosterone boosters which discusses the effects of 18 different supplements. We've recently added information about cordyceps and diindolylmethane (DIM).

Osha root is promoted to reduce congestion and coughs, boost the immune system, and more. But does it work, and is it safe? Find out in our article about the potential benefits and side effects of osha root.

Can fenugreek cause an allergic reaction? Yes, although it's rare. See who is most susceptible in the Side Effects section of our article about the health benefits and safety of fenugreek.

Did supplementing with cocoa flavanols reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes? Find out what a large study found in the Blood Sugar, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for cocoa and dark chocolate.

Also see our article about supplements and food for blood sugar control.

Can taking a daily probiotic during cold season reduce cold symptoms such as runny nose, congestion, cough or fever? Find out what a recent study showed in the Cold and acute respiratory infections section of our Probiotics Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among probiotics.