Clinical Updates

Can vitamin D supplementation reduce nerve pain or other symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, such as numbness and tingling, in people with type 2 diabetes? See what a new study found in the Diabetes section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

For information about other supplements that may help, see our answer to the question: Do any supplements, like Nervive, help with nerve pain, like sciatica or diabetic neuropathy?

We evaluated two more N95s masks, and one is a new Top Pick. Get the details in our article about Finding the Best Masks.

Also see our Top Pick among KN95 masks.

Can taking a probiotic lower elevated cholesterol levels? See what a new study found in the Cholesterol-lowering section of our Probiotics Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for probiotics.

For other approaches to lowering cholesterol, see our answer to the question: Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy?

Readers have started to receive rapid antigen tests, such as iHealth, from the government. See how this compares to other antigen tests and our Top Picks.

Let us know which test you received by mail from the U.S. government – we'll review it if we haven't already.

If you need to order tests at no charge, here's how.

Find out which COVID-19 treatments (pills and infusions) are effective against Omicron and which are not.

Also learn how the length of hospital stays differs with Omicron versus Delta.

It’s easy to get way more vitamin B-12 than one needs from supplements. Unfortunately, high blood levels of B-12 are being linked to higher risks of death and disease, as shown in a recent U.S. study. Get the details in the Upper Limit for B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review. Also, see our Top Pick among B-12 supplements.

Some research suggests that low blood levels of vitamin D increase the risk of death from COVID, but a new study suggests that high levels also increase risk. Get the details in the COVID section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with the coronavirus (COVID-19)?

If you’re storing a test for future use, be aware that shelf-lives range from just 5 ½ months to 12 months from time of manufacture. See how shelf-lives of popular brands compare.

Also see our Top Picks among antigen tests based on their accuracy and other features.

Can you use an antigen test delivered in below-freezing temperatures? Find out.

Does including a throat swab improve the accuracy of antigen tests? See what a recent study showed.

Vaccination may reduce the spread of the new Omicron BA.2 subvariant, according to a recent study.

The Moderna vaccine has been approved by the FDA in addition to its original emergency use authorization. Find out what this means.

Can tart cherry juice improve memory and attention, or reduce fatigue, in middle-aged men and women? See what a new study found, as well as other potential uses in our updated article about the Health Benefits of Tart Cherry Juice.

Can L-theanine supplementation reduce stress during demanding tasks? See the latest evidence in the What It Does section of our L-Theanine Supplements Review.

Light boxes are commonly promoted for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) but do they help treat circadian rhythm disorders such as jet lag? Find out in our updated Answer about light boxes which includes a list of light boxes that we recommend and side effects of light therapy.

We’ve summarized the latest information about when to use a home test and what to do if you get a negative, or a positive result. It’s all in the Antigen Tests section of our comprehensive article about testing for COVID-19.

Keep in mind that home antigen tests are most accurate in detecting Omicron after symptoms have started, as shown in recent studies. Get the details.

In early spring of 2022, eligible Medicare beneficiaries will be able to receive 8 at-home rapid tests per month at no charge. Get the details.

Being boosted vastly reduces the chance of being hospitalized with Omicron. See the most recent data.

People who got the J&J vaccine and a booster are eligible for a third shot in at least one U.S. city. See the details.

Acrylamide is a neurotoxin and probable cancer-causing agent that can form when cooking or baking certain foods at high temperatures. Find out how to reduce acrylamide formation when baking cookies in our updated article about Acrylamide in Foods, which also includes information about acrylamide in coffee, chocolate, potatoes and other foods.

Did aged black garlic extract help lower high cholesterol in a recent study? Find out in our Black Garlic section of our Garlic Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Which supplements or foods help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy?

Can omega-3 supplementation help reduce falls in older men and women? See what a study found in the Muscle, Strength and Falls section of our Fish Oil/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Review. Also, see our Top Picks among fish oil supplements.

Does vitamin D supplementation improve bone density in breast-fed infants? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Bones and Fractures section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

What vitamin D levels are associated with the lowest risk of getting severe COVID?

Does raising vitamin D levels shorten the duration of COVID symptoms? See what a recent study found.

Also see our Top Picks for vitamin D.

Can supplementing with melatonin help prevent death among people hospitalized with COVID-19? See what a recent study found in the COVID-19 section of our Melatonin Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for melatonin.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with COVID-19?

Does infection with Omicron provide protection in the form of antibodies, against earlier other variants?

Can nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improve sleep and reduce daytime drowsiness? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our NAD Booster Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among products, including NMN, NAD+/NADH, and nicotinamide riboside.

See our answer to the question: Which supplements can help me sleep and which cause insomnia?

Find out how long protection with a booster appears to last.

Mix and match boosting seems best to provide the greatest protection, studies show.

Exercising around the time of a COVID vaccine may help boost immune response, according to a recent study.

For immunocompromised people: See new guidance on when to get a booster (i.e., 4th dose) if you received the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines or if you initially received the J&J vaccine.

For people who received monoclonal antibody therapy: Find out if you need to delay vaccinations.

Many people experience lightheadedness when standing up due to a temporary drop in blood pressure but certain techniques may help, according to a new study. Get the details in our new article How to Reduce Lightheadedness and Dizziness When Standing Up (Orthostatic Hypotension).

Can fish oil supplementation help reduce liver fat and fibrosis in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Liver Disease section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see our article about Supplements for Fatty Liver Disease.

Can taking vitamin D and whey protein after a stroke help improve muscle strength and physical function? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Muscle, balance and falls section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements and stroke risk.

Four popular aerosol deodorants and antiperspirants were recently found to be contaminated with the toxic chemical benzene and have been recalled, adding to a growing list. Get the details in our updated answer to the question: Which deodorants and antiperspirants are contaminated with benzene and which are not?

Although two monoclonal antibody treatments (bebtelovimab and sotrovimab) appear to be effective against the Omicron variant, one may have reduced activity against the BA.2 variant.

Myocarditis appears to be much less common with boosters than with 2nd doses of Pfizer or Moderna vaccines according to new data.

Drinking moderate amounts of one type of coffee, but not another, was linked to a reduced risk of heart attack and stroke in a recent analysis. Get the details in our updated article about Coffee and Health.

Can Boswellia extract reduce knee pain and stiffness in people with knee osteoarthritis? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Joint Health Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among products containing Boswellia, glucosamine, chondroitin, and/or MSM.

See our answer to the question: Which supplements can help with arthritis?

Did leucine supplementation improve physical function in people ages 70 and older with age-related muscle loss in a recent study? Find out in the Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Which vitamins and minerals should someone over 70 take?

Does getting a second booster reduce the risk of Omicron? See what a recent study found.

Getting vaccinated after COVID-19 appears to drastically reduce the risk of reinfection, according to a recent study.

Does high-dose vitamin D help people hospitalized with COVID? See what a recent study showed in the COVID section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with the coronavirus (COVID-19)?

How well does Paxlovid reduce risk of hospitalization or death due to COVID-19 in people who are unvaccinated? Find out in our updated answer about COVID Treatments.

Can magnesium supplementation improve sleep in people with insomnia? Find out what research suggests in the What It Does section of our Magnesium Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among magnesium supplements.

See our answer to the question: Which supplements can help me sleep and which cause insomnia?

Can taking zinc and vitamin C after being diagnosed with COVID-19 boost antibody production? Find out what a recent study found in the COVID section of our Zinc Supplements Review.

Also see our article about Supplements for COVID.

Be aware that supplements that "fizz" in water may be exposing you to potentially dangerous amounts of sodium. This was associated with higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or heart failure in a recent study.

Can taking glucosamine improve, or cause, depression? Find out in the Glucosamine and Chondroitin section of our Joint Health Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among joint health supplements.

Also see our answer to the question: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

Can taking melatonin cause heart palpitations? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Melatonin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Pick for melatonin.

You can now check if your area in the U.S. is at High, Medium, or Low risk for COVID and the CDC's mask recommendations for your area. Check your community's COVID-19 level.

Does taking melatonin help prevent COVID-19? Find out what a study found in the COVID-19 section of our Melatonin Supplements Review.

Also see our article about Supplements for COVID.

Can COVID-19 cause hair loss? Find out in How to You Take Care of Yourself After You’ve Had COVID-19.

Compounds extracted from avocado and soy, known as unsaponifiables or ASUs, have been promoted to treat osteoarthritis of the knees and hips. But do they work? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Avocado Oil Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Which supplements can help with arthritis?

Can drinking a protein and fiber shake improve weight management in overweight people when used along with diet and exercise? Find out what a recent study found in the Weight management section of our Protein Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among protein powders, shakes and drinks.

Do pole & line or troll-caught tuna contain lower concentrations of mercury than traditional-catch tuna? Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Tuna, Salmon & Sardines Review. Also see our Top Picks among tuna products.

Are multi-strain probiotics more effective than single-strain probiotics? Find out what a recent study showed in the Single-strain or multi-strain? section of our Probiotics Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for probiotics based on intended use.

Laboratory-produced whey protein is now hitting the market. How does it differ from milk-based whey protein? Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Protein Supplements Review. Also, see our Top Picks among protein powders, shakes and drinks.

People with COVID must isolate for 5 days, but many are positive on antigen tests for up to 9 days. Find out who is most at-risk for this, in our updated answer about COVID Tests.

Does supplementing with serrapeptase help lower cholesterol? Find out in our answer to the question: What are the health benefits of serrapeptase?

Sunscreen ingredients in many facial moisturizers are not known to be safe. See our list of those that are potentially problematic and those that are safer options.

Can taking vitamin K make it more difficult to sleep? Find out what research suggests in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin K Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: What are the best supplements for insomnia? Are there any supplements that interfere with sleep?

Can taking green tea extract reduce the recurrence colon polyps? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Green Tea Review. Also see our Top Picks among green tea extracts, tea bags, loose tea, and matcha powders.

See our answer to the question: Which supplements help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer?

Vitamin A deficiency was linked to eye floaters and loss of peripheral vision in a recently reported case. Get the details, and learn about other symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, in the What It Does section of our Vitamin A Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among vitamin A supplements.

See our answer to the question: Do any supplements help prevent or reduce eye floaters?

Does olive leaf extract taken orally or applied topically help heal cold sores or genital herpes? Find out in our article about the Health Benefits of Olive Leaf Extract.

Some probiotics have been shown to modestly lower high cholesterol levels. Can they also lower levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB), a strong predictor of heart attack risk? See what recent research shows in the What It Does section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Can supplementing with fish oil reduce cardiovascular risk factors in people at high risk for heart failure? Find out what a recent study showed in the Heart Attack and Stroke section of our Fish and Marine Oil Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among fish oil supplements.

Be aware that stevia products typically include other sweeteners and differing stevia compounds that affect their flavor and caloric content. Get the details in our updated article about stevia and its health benefits and safety.

The urge to chew on ice, or consume or smell unusual substances, can be a sign of iron deficiency, as highlighted by a recently reported case. Get the details and learn about other symptoms of iron deficiency, in the What It Does section of our Iron Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among iron supplements.

Can medium-chain triglycerides slow cognitive decline among people with Alzheimer’s disease? Find out what a recent study showed in the Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease section of our Coconut Oil and MCT Oil Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or foods help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Due to concerns relating to the safety of nuclear reactors and potential use of nuclear weapons in the war in Ukraine, demand for radioprotective iodine products has jumped.

Potassium iodide and potassium iodate can help protect the thyroid from the effects of radioactive iodine from the air, water, and foods after a nuclear event. But who should be taking these products, when should they be taken, and how much should be taken?

Find out in our review of Potassium Iodide and Iodate Radioprotective Pills, and see our Top Picks among products (and where to currently get them).

In response to our recent article about bovine colostrum, we received and answered the following questions this week:

Should bovine colostrum be used with probiotics to improve gut health?

Does collecting bovine colostrum for use by people reduce the colostrum supply for newborn calves?

Based on questions from our members, we've updated our CL Answer about stevia extract to answer the following:

Which commercially available stevia products do not contain "fillers" such as dextrose or erythritol?

Do any stevia products have a less bitter aftertaste?

Which stevia product without fillers is CL's Top Pick?

People with a particular blood type appear more likely to experience long COVID, according to a recent study. Get the details in our answer to the question: How Should You Take Care of Yourself After You've Had COVID-19?

For women who are breast-feeding, find out which COVID-19 vaccines are most likely to result in antibodies against COVID-19 in breastmilk.

Did a popular multivitamin for seniors reduce the risk of cancer diagnosis in a three-year-study? Find out in the Cancer Risk section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among multivitamins.

Does CoQ10 reduce muscle side effects of statin drugs (used to lower cholesterol)? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our CoQ10 Supplements Review.

Is taking CoQ10 in an oil-containing softgel better than taking plain CoQ10? See our take on what was reported in a recent study. Also, see our Top Picks for CoQ10.

Results were recently published for the largest study to-date of cocoa extract given to older men and women. See if it helped lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in the Cardiovascular section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars, cocoa powders, nibs, and supplements.

Does fish oil supplementation improve cognition in healthy people? See what a recent study showed in the Memory Enhancement in Healthy Individuals section of our Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or foods help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Which fish contain the highest levels of vitamin D, and how does cooking effect these levels? Find out what a recent study showed in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Also see our Review of Canned Fish for information about levels of vitamin D in canned fish.

The FDA has received requests from Pfizer and Moderna for a 2nd booster. Find out who might be eligible for a 2nd booster and when.

Does vitamin D boost immune response to COVID-19 vaccines? Find out.

Are glutathione supplements or topical glutathione creams effective for skin lightening? Find out what research has shown in our updated answer to the question: Do glutathione supplements help prevent aging or other conditions?

Psyllium is commonly used as a laxative, but did you know it can also help people with uncontrolled bowel movements (fecal incontinence), as noted in recent, expert guidelines? Get the details in the What It Does section of our Psyllium Fiber Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among psyllium supplements.

Can supplementing with hydroxycitrate (HCA) help prevent or treat kidney stones? Find out what research shows in the What It Does section of our Garcinia Cambogia Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Can any supplements reduce or increase the risk of kidney stones?

Can a probiotic lozenge decrease cavity risk, tooth plaque, and/or staining? See what the latest research shows in the What It Does section of our Probiotic Supplements Review.

Although not common, B-12 deficiency can occur in infants. A recent study showed common symptoms and risk factors. Learn about B-12 deficiency in infants as well as in men and women in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

When fried, roasted, or baked, potatoes can contain relatively large amounts of acrylamide – a neurotoxin and potential cancer-causing agent – but the amount depends on the type of potato, according to a recent study. Get the details in our updated answer about acrylamide in foods.

Some sunscreens and facial moisturizers contain potentially problematic compounds. In response to questions from readers, we reviewed and added six more products (from brands such as Cetaphil and Neutrogena) to our list of sunscreens with safer ingredients. (The newly added products are highlighted in yellow in our list).

We learned this week that our Top Pick multivitamin for people with diabetes has been discontinued. See our Update about this and alternatives. Also see our other Top Picks among multivitamins.

Take note: After April 4, some people in the U.S. may no longer be able to get a COVID vaccine without paying out of pocket.

If a second booster is authorized in the U.S., the government may only have the resources to provide it to a segment of the population. See who will likely be covered.

Find out how much acrylamide is in sweet potato chips compared to regular (white) potato chips.

Learn ways to create less acrylamide when cooking.

We reviewed and added 11 lip balms and glosses from brands like Burt's Bees, Colorscience, and Eos to our list of sunscreen products with safe ingredients.

Can supplementing with low-dose collagen reduce joint pain in healthy older adults? Find out what a recent study showed in the Joint Pain section of our Collagen Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for collagen.

Can taking mulberry leaf extract reduce blood sugar or improve insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes? Find out what a recent study suggests in our updated answer to the question: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control my blood sugar?

If you will be getting together with family and friends during upcoming holidays, consider at-home antigen tests beforehand. Every home in the U.S. is eligible to get 2 sets of 4 at-?home tests delivered, if not already ordered. Get the details.

Second boosters may significantly reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 in older people, according to a recent study.

Is quinine (a compound in tonic water) helpful and safe for nighttime leg cramps? Find out in our updated answer about supplements for leg cramps and muscle pain.

Can supplementing with spinach extract improve muscle strength in older adults? Find out what a recent study showed in the What They Do section of our Greens and Whole Food Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks among greens and whole foods products.

Some olives contain much higher amounts of acrylamide (a carcinogen) than others. Find out how California, Greek, and Spanish styles of olive differ in our updated answer to the question: What Is Acrylamide?

Which ingredients in toothpaste may cause mucus to build up in your mouth after brushing? Find out in our updated answer to the question: Which ingredients should toothpaste contain, and which should be avoided?

Did you know that supplementing with magnesium can help boost low vitamin D levels in some people? See what a recent study showed in the ConsumerTips section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

Treating B-12 deficiency improved rapid cognitive decline and stopped hallucinations in an older man, according to a recent report. Get the details in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for B-12 and other B vitamins.

Can supplementing with DHA-rich fish oil help people with mild cognitive impairment? Find out what a recent study showed in our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or foods help with brain function, like memory and cognition?

Can fish oil reduce the risk of being hospitalized due to heart failure? See what a major study found in the Heart Disease and Stroke section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review. Also, see our Top Picks for fish oil.

Find out why Europe is not yet recommending a 2nd booster for many people. See the details.

See the latest on the added protection of a 2nd booster.

Despite early evidence suggesting a benefit, andrographis does not appear to help patients with COVID-19, according to a recent report. Get the details in our updated answer to the question: Do any supplements help with the coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Correcting B-12 deficiency may improve cognition in people with dementia, according to a recent study and case reports. Get the details in the Memory, Cognition, and Alzheimer’s Disease section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

A member asked if people with seafood allergies can take astaxanthin supplements. Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Astaxanthin Supplements Review.

L-carnitine supplementation may have negative cardiovascular effects, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Acetyl -L-Carnitine Review.

Find out how the side effects of a second booster compare to those of the first booster and the initial vaccine series.

After knee replacement, can topical CBD reduce pain and pain medication use, or improve sleep? See what a recent study found in the Update in our Review.

Zinc supplementation can trigger an allergic skin rash in some people, as seen in a recent case report. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Zinc Supplements Review.

Can taking manganese help treat symptoms of tinnitus? Find out what research suggests in the Manganese section of our Multivitamin Supplements Review. Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or lifestyle changes reduce the symptoms of tinnitus?

Can diamine oxidase (DAO) supplementation improve gastrointestinal symptoms of histamine intolerance? Find out what the most recent evidence suggests in our updated CL Answer about DAO for histamine intolerance.

When home with COVID, a recent study showed that actively monitoring for breathing symptoms may be as or more important than having a pulse oximeter. For details, see our article about pulse oximeters.

Can CoQ10 supplementation reduce symptoms of tinnitus? Find out what research suggests in the What It Does section of our CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review.

For information about other supplements for tinnitus, see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or lifestyle changes reduce the symptoms of tinnitus? Is it true that some supplements can cause tinnitus?

Does Theraworx, a topical homeopathic magnesium product, relieve nighttime leg cramps? See what a study found in the Magnesium Creams, Sprays and Oils section of our Magnesium Supplements Review.

Some types of humidifiers can add potentially dangerous PFAS to the air. Get the details in our updated answer about PFAS and how to avoid them.

Can supplementing with L-arginine help elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our L-Arginine Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about other supplements for Memory and Cognition.

Recent laboratory research suggests caution with the use of SAMe. For details, see the Concerns and Cautions section of our SAMe Supplements Review.

The beta-glucan in oats can help lower elevated levels of cholesterol, but can the beta-glucan in mushrooms do the same? Find out in our article about Supplements and Foods for Lowering Cholesterol.

Find out which dried or smoked fruits contain acrylamide, and which do not, in our updated article about acrylamide.

A recent study found that pickle juice reduced the severity of cramps (e.g., in the calves and feet). Get the details, including the dosage, timing, and type of pickle juice used in our article about Supplements for Muscle Cramps.

Also find out if a product called HOTSHOT might be beneficial for muscle cramps.

If not properly prepared, shiitake mushrooms can cause a distinctive skin rash, as noted in recent reports. The details are in our article about ergothioneine, a potentially beneficial compound found in shiitake and other mushrooms.

Can ashwagandha supplementation reduce fear and anxiety in anxious dogs? See what a new study found in the What It Does section of our Ashwagandha Supplements Review.

(Also see our other articles about supplements for dogs.)

Can using a CPAP humidifier increase one's exposure to potentially dangerous PFAS? Find out in our updated answer about Avoiding PFAS.

A federal judge has ruled that masks are no longer required on flights and other forms of public transportation, although wearing a mask is still recommended by the CDC.

Several CL members have reported that taking mustard has relieved muscle cramps. Find out why this may help in our answer about foods and supplements for cramps.

Can supplementation with vitamin E benefit people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD)? See what the American Heart Association recently advised in the What It Does section of our Vitamin E Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease?

Does taking cinnamon powder or extract help control blood sugar levels in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes? See what the latest study, and earlier studies, have found in the Blood sugar, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes of our Cinnamon Supplements Review.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control my blood sugar?

Can supplementing with Siberian rhubarb extract (as found in Menopause 731 by Life Extension, and Estrovera by Metagenics) relieve hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause? Find out what research shows in our Menopause Supplements Review.

Also see if there are any supplements you should avoid if you are taking estrogen replacement.

Although coffee is a notable source of acrylamide, it doesn’t need to have a California Prop 65 warning stating this risk. Find out why in our article about dietary sources of acrylamide.

Is brushing with tooth powder as good as brushing with toothpaste? Find out what research has shown in our answer to the question: Which ingredients should toothpaste contain, and which should be avoided?

Does applying rosemary oil to the scalp reverse male pattern baldness? Find out what research shows in our updated answer about hair loss supplements.

How much fresh ginger is equivalent to what is in a ginger supplement? Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Ginger Supplements Review. Also see which ginger supplements passed or failed our tests, and what's in ginger spices and ginger ale, based on our tests.

Can you get phosphatidylserine from foods, like navy beans? Find out which foods are highest in phosphatidylserine in our updated CL Answer about Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylcholine.

Higher blood levels of vitamin C were associated with increased risk of death over a 10-year period in a recent study. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review. Also see adequate intake amounts for vitamin C.

Raising lower blood levels of vitamin B-12 may help with nighttime leg cramps according to some reports. Get the details in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

For information about other supplements that may help, see our answer to the question: Do any supplements, foods, or oils help reduce muscle pain, muscle cramps, or nighttime leg cramps?

Supplementing with krill appeared to improve muscle strength in older men and women in a recent study. See the Muscle, Strength and Falls section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review for details.

Can supplementing with Cissus quadrangularis powder improve bone density in postmenopausal women? Find out what a recent study showed in our answer about OsteoMD, a bone health supplement containing this ingredient.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help prevent or treat osteoporosis?

It is the start of tick season in the U.S. Learn several strategies for preventing tick bites.

Although either may help prevent UTIs, learn the huge difference between cranberry juice and juice cocktail, and how you can avoid as much as 300 Calories a day with our Top Pick among cranberry juices.

We’ve answered more questions about acrylamide, a toxin and potential carcinogen, from readers:

• Is there more acrylamide in popcorn that is microwaved or conventionally heated?
• Does air frying produce less acrylamide than conventional frying?

Did supplementing with CoQ10 improve HDL cholesterol levels or function among people with high cholesterol? Find out what a recent study showed, and also learn how CoQ10 affects LDL cholesterol, in the Cardiovascular Health section of our CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review.

People with a certain MTHFR gene mutation (C677T) may be more likely to develop B vitamin deficiencies. But what about those with a less common MTHFR mutation – A1298C? Find out what research suggests in the MTHFR gene mutation and B vitamin metabolism section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Can supplementation with the MK-7 form of vitamin K2 slow the progression of aortic valve calcification, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? See what a new study found in the Heart Disease section of our Vitamin K Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy? Are there any to avoid?

Can resveratrol supplementation decrease the frequency or severity of migraine in women with menstrual migraine? See what a new study showed in the What It Does section of our Resveratrol Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements or foods help with migraine? Do any trigger migraine?

Find out how much the second booster reduces risks compared to having only the first booster.

Find out which toothpastes we think are best, based on their ingredients, for preventing cavities, reducing tooth sensitivity, or whitening, in our updated answer about toothpaste ingredients.

B-12 deficiency can cause severe symptoms, even when B-12 levels in the blood are not low, as shown in a recent case. Find out why, and which tests can help, in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Supplementing with calcium appears to pose a higher risk of death for people with existing narrowing of the aorta. Get the details in the Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease section of our Calcium Supplements Review.

Taking very high doses of niacin can cause symptoms resembling anaphylactic shock, as was recently reported. Get the details in the Niacin section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

We changed our Top Pick for anticavity toothpaste. Find out why in our article: Which ingredients should toothpaste contain, and which should be avoided?

Readers asked how much acrylamide is in air popped popcorn, and how this compares to corn popped other ways. Find out in the popcorn section of our answer about acrylamide.

Is it safe to take vitamin C if you take anticoagulants like warfarin? See the answer in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Vitamin C Supplements Review.

What type of toothpaste is best for crowns, veneers, and implants?

Can any toothpaste restore enamel?

Is roasted coffee likely to be contaminated with ochratoxin A? Find out what a recent study found in our updated article about contaminants in coffee.

Also see our articles about ochratoxin A in cocoa and chocolate and oat cereals.

Learn how to correctly remove ticks, and what not to do!

Find out if natural tick repellents such as cedar oil, geranium oil or citronella are known to be safe and effective.

The FDA has limited the use of the J&J vaccine due to safety concerns. Find out why and who’s still eligible to receive this vaccine.

Does Omicron infection protect against subsequent infections by new variants of Omicron, and do vaccines help? Find out what evidence suggests.

Be aware that experts still recommend wearing a mask when traveling. Get the details.

Many supplements promoted to prevent or dissolve kidney stones contain ingredients with little or no evidence. Get the details in our article about supplements, foods and beverages & kidney stone risk.

Older people may experience a dip in blood pressure after consuming whey protein, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Protein Powders, Shakes, and Drinks Review.

Is it safe to use baking soda instead of toothpaste to brush your teeth? Find out in the Natural Toothpastes section of our article about Finding the Best Toothpaste.

Which tart cherry products are best for reducing muscle pain, improving sleep, or lowering blood pressure or cholesterol? Although the evidence is not strong, we identified products with the most evidence behind them in our Tart Cherry article.

Can toothpaste with Biomin F, a "bioactive glass," reduce tooth sensitivity? Find out in our updated CL Answer about Finding the Best Toothpaste.

Twenty out of 24 brands of quercetin purchased on Amazon contained much less quercetin than listed in a recent analysis. For details by brand, see the Quality Concerns section of our Quercetin Review.

At the request of readers, we reviewed two additional soaps – Dove Sensitive Skin Beauty Bar and Vanicream Cleansing Bar. Find out if these meet our criteria for avoiding irritation in our article 5 Tips For Choosing a Soap or Body Wash.

We recently tested and Approved a nicotinamide riboside supplement that provides the most-studied form of nicotinamide riboside and is our new Top Pick for nicotinamide riboside in our NAD Booster Review.

Does mouthwash damage crowns and veneers? Ingredients in some mouthwashes can be problematic. We’ve added information about this to our article about finding the best toothpaste.

Which supplements and foods are best for relieving constipation? We’ve updated our answer to include more information about fruits.

Paxlovid is strongly recommended for COVID treatment, but be aware that it may interact negatively with certain supplements, as well as many drugs. Get the details in CL Answer about COVID-19 treatments.

Supplementing with vitamin D and omega-3 reduced the risk of invasive cancer in older men and women, according to a recent analysis. Adding resistance exercise further decreased this risk. Get the details in our Vitamin D Supplements and Fish and Marine Oil Supplements Reviews. 

Is the soap ingredient cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (CAPHS) of as much concern as cocamidopropyl betaine?

Is diatomaceous earth a safe abrasive ingredient in toothpaste? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about finding the best toothpaste.

The Omicron variant of the coronavirus was recently shown to last on surfaces longer than the original (Wuhan) virus. Get the details and possible implications in our answer about COVID-19 disinfection.

See our new Top Pick toothpaste for whitening surface stains, and see what we suggest for deeper stains. Also find out why we changed our mind about our previous Top Pick.

You can now order 8 more COVID-19 antigen tests from the government. Get the details.

Can gromwell root (an ingredient in the supplement Tollovid) help treat or prevent COVID-19? See what the latest research shows in our article about supplements for COVID-19.

A Pfizer vaccine booster for children is now authorized by the FDA. Get the details in our updated article about COVID-19 Vaccines.

Can inulin increase bowel movements in people with constipation? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements for constipation.

What are postbiotics and are they helpful? Find out in the Postbiotics section of our Probiotic Supplements Review.

Taking turmeric or curcumin has been reported to cause yellowing of the skin in some circumstances. Get the details in the updated Concerns and Cautions section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Does adding curcumin to standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease improve symptoms and the quality of life? Find out what a recent study showed in the Other Uses section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Can supplementing with cranberry powder boost memory and cognition in older men and women? See what a recent study found in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Cranberry Juices and Supplements Review.

Many multivitamins for children exceed tolerable daily intake limits, as noted in a recent report. Find out which nutrients are most often too high in the Children's section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

Saffron may interact with blood-thinning medications such as rivaroxaban (Xarelto), according to a recent report. Get the details in our updated answer to the question: Are there supplements I should avoid when taking apixaban (Eliquis) or similar blood thinner drugs like Xarelto?

We answered the following questions this week as part of our broader article about "Which ingredients should toothpaste contain, and which should be avoided?"

• Can you safely use hydrogen peroxide rinses to whiten teeth?
• Is titanium dioxide safe in toothpastes?
• Is arginine helpful in toothpaste for sensitive teeth?

The CDC has strengthened its recommendation for the 2nd booster for people 50 and older and those 12 and older who are immunocompromised. Find out what prompted this change in our updated CL Answer about COVID-19 vaccines.

Find out which insect repellants (for ticks and mosquitoes) are our Top Picks for use on skin and on clothing and gear based on their ingredients.

Also find out:

• Why lotions and wipes are not among our Top Picks.
• If you should apply insect repellent before or after sunscreen.
• If mosquito repellents work against ticks.

Find out which whitening strips are our Top Pick for reducing deep stains on teeth in our updated CL Answer about finding the best toothpaste.

Also see our Top Picks among toothpastes for:

• Whitening surface stains
• Reducing tooth sensitivity
• Preventing cavities

Can melatonin supplementation decrease nighttime urinary frequency in older women? See what a recent study found in the Concerns and Cautions section of the Melatonin Supplements Review.

Can adding prebiotics (such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG)) to meals help increase satiety or reduce appetite? Find out what a recent study showed in the All About Prebiotics section of the Probiotics Supplements Review.

Does supplementing with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda or bicarbonate of soda) or marshmallow root help treat constipation? See the answers in our updated article about supplements for constipation.

Does glycerin in toothpaste have any negative effects such as sealing in microbes or preventing remineralization?

Does edathamil in toothpaste help control plaque?

Can supplementing with ubiquinol help people with diastolic heart failure? Find out what a recent study showed. Also see if CoQ10 helps with congestive heart failure in the Cardiovascular Health section of our CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review.

People who have had gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, or gastric band surgery may be supplementing with too much B-6 after surgery, according to a recent study. Get the details in our updated article about the Best Vitamins to Take After Bariatric Surgery.

We answered the following questions from our readers:

Are bug repellents or insecticides for humans safe for use on or around pets?

Is it safe to dispose of laundry water used to wash permethrin-treated clothing?

Can garlic supplementation decrease pain, swelling, or medication use in women with rheumatoid arthritis? Find out in the updated What It Does section of our Garlic Supplements Review.

Is it more cost effective to get quercetin from food (as rutin) than supplements? See our answer in the Quercetin Review.

Is there evidence that applying onion juice, castor oil, rice water, or aloe vera to the scalp aids in hair growth? We’ve added information about these approaches to our article about Supplements for Hair.

Are disinfectants with hypochlorous acid, such as Force of Nature and CleanSmart effective alternatives to harsher cleaning chemicals? Find out in our article about COVID-19 and Disinfecting.

Reports to poison control centers regarding melatonin ingestion have skyrocketed in recent years among infants, children and adolescents. See the Concerns and Cautions section of our Melatonin Supplements Review for details and other potential safety issues with melatonin.

Was adding lutein and zeaxanthin to a popular supplement for age-related macular degeneration safe and effective? Find out what a major study found in the What It Does section of our Vision Supplements Review.

Did CBD cream decrease pain or improve function in people with arthritis in their hands? See what a recent study found in our CBD Review.

Is Nutrafol beneficial for hair growth? Get the details in our article about Supplements for Hair.

Does taking digestive enzymes reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? Find out in our updated Digestive Enzyme Supplements Review.

Many people incorrectly read rapid home tests for COVID-19, according to a recent study. Find out how to avoid the biggest mistake in our article about COVID tests.

Some people experience COVID-19 recurrence after being treated with the antiviral drug Paxlovid. Find out what is recommended when this happens in our updated CL Answer about COVID-19 treatments.

More than two-thirds of elderberry supplements sold on Amazon did not contain authentic elderberry in a recent study. Although brands were not identified, learn what was actually found in the Quality Concerns section of our Elderberry Supplements Review.

Eggshell membrane – a source of collagen – may reduce pain in people with osteoarthritis if taken at a certain dose, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Joint Pain section of our Collagen Supplements Review.

A case of liver toxicity was linked to use of an illegal ingredient found in some muscle-building supplements. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Does beta-alanine, a constituent of L-carnosine, have similar effects to supplementing with L-carnosine itself? Find out what evidence suggests in our updated article about L-carnosine.

The distributor of a red yeast rice product that was Not Approved in our recent tests has written that it disagrees with our conclusions and recommendations. Learn why and our response to its requests.

A recent study compared the whitening effect of a popular Crest peroxide whitening strip to that of two non-peroxide strips promoted as gentler on teeth. Find out which type worked best.

We've added updated information about the abrasiveness of four more Sensodyne toothpastes, as provided by a company representative. Get the details in our article Which ingredients should toothpaste contain, and which should be avoided?

As an insect repellant, is 98% DEET better than 35% DEET? Find out in our updated article about insect repellents.

Can a supplement improve vision in older people who develop trouble seeing up-close (i.e., presbyopia or age-related farsightedness)? See the study results for a supplement that included lutein, astaxanthin, bilberry and DHA in our Vision Supplements Review.

We just tested two Boswellia extract supplements (containing the anti-inflammatory compound AKBA). One failed testing but the other passed and is now our Top Pick for Boswellia. The results are in our Joint Health Supplements Review, which include our tests of supplements with glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM and other ingredients.

Supplementing with soy isoflavones was found to reduce the activity of a cholesterol-lowering drug in some people. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions for soy section of our Menopause Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplement interactions with statin drugs.

Can taking fish oil reduce dry eye in older men and women? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about Supplements for Dry Eye.

Find out if taking spermidine improved memory or cognition in older men and women in a recent study in our article about Supplements for Memory and Cognition.

Which vitamins and minerals are mostly likely to be needed by vegetarians and vegans? Find out in our new article about the Top 8 Supplements for Vegetarians and Vegans.

Is zinc carnosine more bioavailable than other forms of zinc? Find out what an expert nutrition panel recently concluded in our updated CL Answer about zinc carnosine.

Does curcumin supplementation reduce symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath in people with mild to moderate COVID-19? See what a recently published study found in the What It Does section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Also see our article about other supplements proposed to help prevent or treat COVID-19.

How long does the medicine EVUSHELD protect against COVID-19? Find out what recent data showed in our article about medicines to prevent and treat COVID-19.

The CDC no longer requires that travelers show a negative COVID-19 test or documentation of recovery from COVID-19 before boarding a flight into the U.S. Get the details about what is still recommended in the Travel section of our article about COVID vaccines.

Does supplementation with lion’s mane reduce symptoms of neuropathy? Find out what evidence suggests in our article about lion’s mane.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for nerve pain.

Find out which ingredients can help prevent gum disease and our Top Picks toothpaste and mouthwash for bleeding gums in our updated answer to the question about finding the best toothpaste.

Did a popular probiotic blend help people with severe depression? See what a recent study found in the Anxiety and Depression section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

High intake of vitamin C has been linked with an increased risk of kidney stones, but is the risk similar among men vs women?

People with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) experience a fast heart rate, dizziness, and other symptoms when standing. Can any supplements or lifestyle changes help? Find out in our answer to the question: Are there supplements that help treat POTS?

Does research support L-carnosine supplementation for improving cardio fitness? Find out what a study showed among people with heart failure in our updated CL Answer about L-carnosine.

Be aware that, although rare, mushrooms and mushroom supplements may trigger a rare autoimmune reaction resulting in muscle pain or weakness. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Reishi Supplements Review.

Can taking melatonin help people with multiple sclerosis (MS)? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Melatonin Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements for MS.

Which form of L-carnitine is best absorbed? Find out what research shows in the What to Consider When Buying section of our Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplements Review.

The EPA indicated last week that it intends to slash the amount of PFAS that can safely be in drinking water. Get the details in the Drinking Water section of our CL Answer about PFAS. Also see our information about water filters to remove PFAS.

How much garlic does it take to increase the risk of bleeding? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Garlic Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements that should be avoided before surgery.

How well do vaccines protect against Omicron? See how three vaccine doses compared to two doses, or to previous COVID infection, in protecting against symptomatic Omicron infection, based on a recent study.

Find out how the newly authorized vaccinations for young children differ from each other in terms of dosing and number of doses.

Use of a popular thyroid product may interfere with important thyroid tests, according to recent reports. Get the details in our article about Supplements and Hypothyroidism.

Does taking beta-sitosterol increase bleeding risk? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Prostate Supplements Review.

What are the pros and cons of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in toothpaste?

Can rinsing with salt water reduce plaque build-up or help with bleeding gums?

Creatine seems to improve strength and endurance during high-intensity exercise, but the benefit may be due to a psychological effect, according to a recent study. Learn more in the What It Does section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Did taking a probiotic reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children? Find out what a recent study showed in the Antibiotic-associated diarrhea section of our Probiotics Supplements Review.

How good is smoked herring compared to sardines, salmon, and tuna? We bought and tested two favorite herrings of CL readers, Trader Joe's and Crown Prince. See what we found, our Top Pick for herring, and how these compare on mercury, arsenic, and omega-3 fatty acids to each other and 20 other products in our Tuna, Salmon, Sardines and Herring Review.

Does vitamin D decrease the risk of cancer or cancer mortality? See the latest evidence in the Cancer section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

An advisory panel for the CDC has updated its recommendations about which flu vaccines are preferred for people 65 and older. Get the details.

Many people who have had bariatric (stomach-reducing) surgery need to supplement with B-12 and other B vitamins. Find out what happened to such a person who discontinued supplementation in the Vitamin B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Should you discontinue taking nattokinase prior to surgery? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements you should stop taking before surgery.

People with blindness or low vision can now order more accessible COVID-19 tests from the government. Get the details.

The shelf-lives of home COVID-19 tests have been extended by 3 to 7 months based on tests showing that many are still good past their printed expiration dates. Get the details for specific brands of tests in our article comparing COVID tests.

Nearly one-quarter of products that claim “not” to contain THC actually contain it, according to a recent study. This can lead to unexpected problems. Learn more in the "Products on the Market" section of our Review.

Can increasing potassium intake reduce joint pain in people with rheumatoid arthritis? See what a recent study found in the Rheumatoid Arthritis section of our Potassium Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about Supplements for Arthritis.

Active hexose correlated complex (AHCC), produced from mushrooms, may help clear persistent, high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in women, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Antiviral Effects section of our CL Answer about AHCC.

Is there evidence that shampoos like d'or Hair Thinning Therapy Shampoo or Nioxin really work? Find out in our updated CL Answer about supplements and topical treatments for hair.

Some supplements contain red iron oxide as a colorant. Should people at risk for iron overload be concerned about the iron provided by this ingredient? Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Iron Supplements Review.

Walnuts are often touted as a good source of the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, but can eating walnuts regularly increase blood levels of DHA and EPA (the omega-3s in fish oil)? Find out in the What It Is section of our Black Currant Oil, Borage Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, Flaxseed Oil, and Hemp Oil Supplements Review.

Regularly consuming large amounts of cinnamon may increase the risk of bleeding after surgery, as was recently reported. Get the details in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Cinnamon Supplements Review.

Whey protein may temporarily lower blood pressure. Find out if adding carbohydrates and fats reduces this effect in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Protein Supplements Review.

Does supplementing with curcumin decrease liver fat in people with fatty liver? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of the Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review.

Also see our answer to the question: Do any supplements help with fatty liver disease? Are some diets more beneficial than others?

Bacopa, a popular ingredient in memory supplements, may interact with medications, as was recently reported. Get the details in our updated answer to the question: Does Bacopa extract improve memory, mood, or sleep? Is it safe?

Also see our article about supplements for memory.

Which DAO supplements are most like what has been used in clinical studies to reduce symptoms of intolerance to histamine-rich foods like cheese, sausage, beer and wine? Find out in our updated article about DAO Supplements & Histamine Intolerance.

How can sunscreens that contain the same concentrations of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide have different SPFs? Find out and learn what to look for in sunscreens in our updated article about Finding the Best Sunscreens.

Also find out if any foods or supplements can help prevent sunburn and learn which foods might increase sun-related skin damage.

Find out which vitamins and supplements can interfere with blood tests, urine and stool tests, and even imaging tests, and when these supplements should be stopped in our new answer to the question: Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work and laboratory tests?

Find out if fermented turmeric is better absorbed than other turmeric formulations in the Absorption and Bioavailability section of our Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements Review.

Can vitamin B-5 supplementation improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis? Find out what research suggests in the B-5 (Pantothenic Acid) section of our B Vitamins Supplements Review.

Can fisetin (promoted for memory) be taken on an empty stomach, or should it be taken with food? Find out in the Dosage section of our CL Answer about fisetin.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) naturally occur in many plants, including some herbs, and can be toxic. Learn more and how to avoid them in our answer to the question: Should I be concerned about pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal supplements?

A new Omicron subvariant, BA.5, has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain in the U.S. Find out how well this virus escapes protection from vaccination or previous infection, and learn if it causes more severe COVID-19 infection, in the Omicron section of our CL Answer about COVID-19 vaccines.

Did supplementing with oxaloacetate reduce symptoms in people with post-COVID fatigue in a recent study? Find out in the Strategies for managing long COVID section of our article about How to Take Care of Yourself After You’ve Had COVID-19.

Older people with high levels of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA were found to have a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, according to a recent analysis. Does this mean that older people should be supplementing with DHA or fish or other marine oils? Find out in the Alzheimer's Disease section of our Fish and Marine Oil Supplements Review.

Can NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) supplementation reduce monthly fibrocystic breast pain? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our NAC Supplements Review.

Did a gel of this ingredient reduce seizures in men and women with the most common form of epilepsy? Find out in the Epilepsy and seizure disorders section of our Review.

Do hyaluronic acid injections reduce pain or improve function in people with knee osteoarthritis? Find out what a recent analysis showed in the Hyaluronic acid section of our Joint Health Supplements Review.

Some people are allergic to neomycin, an ingredient in some flu vaccines. Find out which flu vaccines contain neomycin and which don't. Also learn which flu vaccines are preferred for people 65 and older.

Does supplementing with citrulline reduce blood pressure and improve heart function in people with heart failure? Find out in the Citrulline section of our L-Arginine Supplements Review (citrulline is converted to L-arginine in the body).

A member asked if borage flower is toxic due to its pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Learn about the safety of borage flower as well as borage leaf (used in teas) and borage oil in our updated CL Answer about pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Pharmacists can now directly prescribe Paxlovid for people with COVID-19, but there are limitations. Find out what you need to bring to the pharmacy to get Paxlovid if you've tested positive and are at risk for severe COVID-19.

Learn how soon after COVID-19 you can get infected again with the Omicron BA.5 variant, which is now dominant in the U.S. and, as we have reported, is more transmissible than earlier variants.

Be aware that getting COVID-19 more than once has been associated with increased risk of developing a variety of health problems, according to recent research.

Does adding omega-3 fatty acids to statin therapy reduce the risk of heart attack or death in people with high triglycerides? Find out what a recent study showed in the Use With Statins section of our Omega-3 Supplements Review.

People with Parkinson's disease tend to have lower levels of vitamin B-6 and B-12. Find out if supplementing with B-6 or B-12 is beneficial and whether B-6 can interfere with drugs for Parkinson's.

Are soy products such as soy isoflavones, soy protein, soy oil, and soy lecithin beneficial or harmful? Find out in our answer to the question: Is soy in supplements good or bad for you?

The FDA has authorized the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, which will likely be made available next week. Find out how it differs from the other COVID-19 vaccines, learn about its effectiveness against COVID-19, and get details about possible side effects.

How well does a previous COVID-19 infection protect against BA.4/BA.5 infection? It depends on which COVID-19 variant caused the initial infection, according to a recent study.

Several unauthorized COVID antigen tests have been sold recently in the U.S., according to the FDA. Get the details in our answer about testing for coronavirus.

We've just tested and Approved three CocoaVia products through our voluntary Quality Certification Program and one is now a Top Pick. Find out how these compare to other cocoa supplements, powders, dark chocolate bars, chips, and nibs – as well as our Top Picks among these, in our updated Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review.

Did quercetin improve nasal and eye symptoms among people with seasonal allergies in recent study? Find out in the Seasonal Allergy section of our Quercetin Supplements Review.

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine along with a flu shot seems to slightly increase the risk of side effects, according to a recent study. Get the details.

Getting a second booster can significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 hospitalizations among people 50 and older, according to a recent study.

A CL member taking anti-hypertensive medication reported that a dose of fisetin reduced her blood pressure for several hours. Find out if this is a known effect in our updated Fisetin article.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements that may affect blood pressure.

Can supplementing with vitamin B-6 or zinc improve psychiatric conditions associated with pyrrole disorder? Find out by using the links.

A CL member recently asked how cadmium and lead make their way into cocoa and chocolate products. Find out in the Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic section of our Dark Chocolates, Cocoa & Cacao Supplements Review. Also, find out how much cadmium ConsumerLab found in cocoa products.

A CL member asked us if chamomile tea is helpful for insomnia. See what research suggests, and learn about potential interactions with chamomile, in our updated answer to the question: What are the best supplements for insomnia? Are there any supplements that interfere with sleep?

Some vitamins and minerals can compete with each other for absorption, or may be better absorbed with meals. Get the details and tips for taking in our updated answer to the question: Which vitamins and minerals should be taken together or separately?

Can taking high-dose vitamin B-6 or B-12 improve self-reported anxiety? Find out what a recent study showed in the Anxiety section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Also see our answer to the question: What are the best supplements for depression and anxiety?

Does high-dose vitamin D improve heart function in people with chronic heart failure? Find out what a recent study showed in the Cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, and cholesterol section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

While often promoted to disinfect surfaces and kill germs in the home, some UV light devices may give off potentially dangerous levels of ultraviolet-C radiation. See which brands are of concern in our Answer about UV light sanitizing wands.

Find out if the CDC prefers Novavax over other vaccines and learn a limitation with this vaccine.

A new study indicates that high-dose vitamin D does not reduce the risk of bone fractures in older adults. Get the details in the What It Does section of the Vitamin D Supplements Review.

An international panel of experts recently published guidelines for use of red yeast rice. See the details in the ConsumerTips section of our Red Yeast Rice Supplements Review.

Do the flavanols in cocoa and dark chocolate lower blood pressure? See what a recent study found in people with normal blood pressure, as well as results for people with hypertension.

A CL member asked us if citicoline, a form of choline in supplements, can raise TMAO levels, which has associated with atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Find out in the Concerns and Cautions section of or Choline Supplements Review.

A recent study suggested that supplementing with high-dose vitamin D could improve clinical outcomes for people hospitalized with COVID-19. Learn more in the COVID section of our Vitamin D Supplements Review.

See the clinical evidence for homeopathic arnica pills and topical arnica products in our updated answer to the question: Do arnica pills, gels, creams, or sprays reduce bruising, pain, or swelling?

Can taking hawthorn lower blood pressure in people with hypertension? Find out what research shows in our updated answer to the question: Which supplements can help to lower blood pressure?

Does taking glycine improve sleep and, if so, at what dose? Find out in our CL Answer about supplements for insomnia.

We’ve added four additional supplements to our list of more than a dozen Supplements That May Cause Liver Toxicity.

Does taking ginger improve weight management among women? Learn what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of our Ginger Supplements Review.

Beans and peas are great dietary sources of folate (vitamin B-9), but the right preparation can more than double their folate levels, according to a recent study. Find out how in the Folate section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Also see our table of Foods Containing B Vitamins to find out other foods that are good sources of folate and other B vitamins.

If you take metformin for diabetes, be aware that you are at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency. See the latest guidelines to monitor for this in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Another popular brand of sunscreen has been recalled due to contamination with the toxic chemical benzene. Get the details and see the amounts of benzene found in more than 200 popular sun products in our updated article What is the best sunscreen based on safety and efficacy?

Also see our list of safer sunscreen products.

Find out which toothpastes, oral rinses and lifestyle modifications may help reduce symptoms of dry mouth.

Find out if supplementing with vitamin C or melatonin reduced symptoms in people with mild to moderate COVID in a recent study.

Does taking GABA help with COVID? Find out what’s been shown in our updated answer to the question: Do any supplements help with COVID-19?

Did wearing eyeglasses or sunglasses in public reduce the risk of getting COVID-19? Find out what a recent study showed in our CL Answer about face shields.

Which TUDCA supplements appear to be the best value? We added cost comparisons for some popular brands in our answer to the question: What is TUDCA? Does it have any proven health benefits, and is it safe?

If you test positive on a rapid antigen test after a 5-day isolation, how likely are you to still be contagious? Find out in our CL Answer about COVID-19 testing.

Mucuna pruriens is a natural source of levodopa (a drug for treating Parkinson’s disease). A recent study in a major journal suggested that labels for Mucuna pruriens supplements were highly misleading – however, we analyzed their data and came to a different conclusion. Learn more in our updated CL Answer about Supplements for Parkinson's Disease.

A CL Member had trouble sleeping when taking high dose B-12 to correct a deficiency and asked us if this is common. Find out in the B-12 section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Also see: Supplements That May Help or Worsen Insomnia.

Can vitamin E improve liver health in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Get the details in the Liver Disease section of our Vitamin E Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about Supplements for Fatty Liver Disease.

A CL Member recently asked us how ColonBroom, which is heavily promoted, compares to other psyllium fiber supplements. Find out in our Psyllium Fiber Supplements Review.

High intake of lycopene-containing foods may cause skin discoloration, according to a recent report. Get the details in our Lycopene Supplements Review.

After exposure to COVID-19, how many times should you test? It may be more times than you think, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Antigen Tests section of our CL Answer about COVID-19 Testing.

The CDC has issued new recommendations about what actions should be taken if you’re exposed to someone with COVID.

A CL Member asked us if the supplement Relief Factor can really relieve aches and pains. See our answer.

A woman recently suffered a break in her esophagus due a pill that remained stuck to her throat, prompting us to write the following article: 6 Tips to Avoid Getting a Pill Stuck in Your Throat

Does drinking extra water help with dry eye? Find out in our updated article about dry eye -- which includes information about supplements and lifestyle habits than can help.

How often do you really need to re-apply sunscreen and does this vary by type of sunscreen? Find out in our updated article about finding the best sunscreen.

A CL member asked if they should be concerned about microplastics in fish oil supplements. Find out in our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Centrophenoxine, a drug that is prescribed in some countries to treat dementia, is also in supplements in the U.S., but a study found that most don't contain what they claim. Learn more in our article about supplements for memory and cognition.

Can vitamin B-6 levels in the body be depleted by carbidopa, a drug taken in combination with levodopa for Parkinson's disease? Find out what evidence suggests in our updated CL Answer about supplements for Parkinson's disease.

Does consumption of meat increase the risk of essential tremor? Find out what's known in our updated CL Answer about supplements for essential tremor.

Also find out if magnesium is beneficial for essential tremor.

Can listening to music before bedtime improve sleep quality? Find out what research suggests in our updated CL Answer about supplements and lifestyle interventions for sleep.

We added information about the following topics to our article about supplements and lifestyle modification for dry eye:

• Does coffee or caffeine supplements improve dry eye?
• Does krill or algal oil have similar effects as fish oil for dry eye disease?

We added more information (about head position) to our article 6 Tips to Avoid Getting a Pill Stuck in Your Throat.

Benzophenone is a carcinogen found in sunscreens made with oxybenzone or octocrylene. In addition to seeking sunscreens that don't contain these compounds, a recent study provided insights on how to further minimize benzophenone exposure, which we've added to our article about sunscreen safety. Also see our list of safer sunscreens.

A product called Can-C Eye Drops has been promoted for improving dry eye as well as reducing the risk of cataracts. Does the evidence support this? Find in our updated CL Answer about supplements for dry eye.

Supplementing with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glycine may have antiaging effects, according to recent studies described in the What It Does section of our NAC Supplements Review. However, as we point out, these studies have important weaknesses.

Does cold or warm liquid make swallowing pills easier? Find out in our updated article 6 Tips to Avoid Getting a Pill Stuck in Your Throat.

Can supplementing with sulforaphane (obtained from broccoli) improve cognitive function and memory in older adults? Find out what a recent study showed in our updated CL Answer about supplements for cognition.

Moderate doses of CoQ10 may lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity in some people, but higher doses may not, according to a recent study. Get the details in the What It Does section of our CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review.

Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?

Can tart cherry juice or supplements improve sleep? Find out what a recent study showed in our updated article about the health benefits of tart cherry juice.

UV-A radiation from the sun causes wrinkles and age-spots. Many people don't realize that SPF values on sunscreens refer only to UV-B protection. Find out what to look for on labels to determine UV-A protection.

We've also updated our list of sunscreens made with safer ingredients.

Use of minoxidil as an oral treatment for hair growth is gaining in popularity - although it's not an FDA approved use of this drug. Learn if it works, dosage, and side effects in our CL Answer about supplements and topical treatments for hair.

We received and answered the following questions this week:

• Is low-dose minoxidil more effective than finasteride (Propecia)?
• How does pumpkin seed oil compare to minoxidil?

Does lion's mane (promoted for memory) help with depression, anxiety or gut health? See our article about lion's mane.

Some licorice candies, ice creams and teas may be unsafe due to excessive amounts of the compound glycyrrhizin in these products, according to a recent study. Get the details in our updated article about Throat Coat tea and other licorice-containing products.

NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) supplements are being sold again on Amazon, after the retailer removed them from its site last year. Find out why in our updated NAC Supplements Review.

Separate studies looked at whether or not taking fish oil can lower high cholesterol levels or reduce depression. See the details in our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

If you take a statin, read about the pros and cons of taking fish oil with statins.

Also see our article that discusses other supplements for high cholesterol.

Can ashwagandha improve sleep? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Ashwagandha Supplements Review.

Also learn about supplements for insomnia.

A CL Member asked how to get low-dose minoxidil (for hair growth), since it usually comes in higher-dose tablets. Find out in our article about supplements and treatments for hair.

Is tea tree oil safe to use around the eye? Be careful -- it can potentially cause eye injury.

There is also concern that tea tree oil can cause growth of breast tissue in young boys. Learn more about this in the Cautions and Concerns section of our Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review.

If you haven't already ordered yours, you have only until September 2 to receive at-home COVID tests from the U.S. government without cost. These may be particularly useful if cases rise in the fall and winter. Get the details in our article about Finding the Best COVID Tests.

We were surprised by what we found testing Gatorade Gatorlyte and DripDrops ORS which we added this week to our Electrolytes Review.

Starting in October, hearing aids will be sold over-the-counter and at lower cost than prescription hearing aids. Learn what to expect.

Can CoQ10 supplementation reduce muscle pain in people taking cholesterol-lowering statin medication? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our CoQ10 and Ubiquinol Supplements Review.

Also see: When taking a statin drug like Lipitor or Crestor, are there supplements I should avoid or take?

Should you be concerned about toxic PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) in fish oil supplements? Find out what a recent study suggests in the Contaminants in Fish vs. Supplements section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about PFAS.

Drinking green tea has been linked with reduced risk of death due to heart disease, but how about black tea? See what a recent study found in the Cardiovascular Disease section of our Green Tea Supplements and Drinks Review.

Does low-dose lithium stabilize or improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer’s or other forms of cognitive decline? Find out in the What It Does section of our Low-Dose Lithium Supplements Review.

Also see our CL Answer about supplements for brain function.

Can CoQ10 supplementation reduce physical and mental fatigue in people experiencing prolonged COVID symptoms? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our CoQ10 Supplements Review.

The FDA has now authorized updated Pfizer and Moderna boosters. Find out who is eligible to get these shots and when, and learn who can still get the original boosters, in our updated CL Answer about COVID-19 vaccines.

Does adding high-dose fish oil to statin therapy help reduce "bad" cholesterol? Find out what a recent study showed in the Taking with statins section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Is fish oil supplementation linked with irregular heart rhythm (i.e., atrial fibrillation)? Find out what a recent study showed in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Did a supplement containing vitamin C, zinc, and other antioxidant ingredients help reduce eye floaters in a recent study? Find out in our article: Do any supplements help prevent or reduce eye floaters?

Can supplementing with urolithin A improve strength and endurance in middle-aged women and men? Find out what a recent study showed in our updated CL Answer about urolithin A for age-related muscle decline.

Also see our answer to the question: What's the best protein to keep and gain muscle when you're older?

If you recently had COVID, can you delay getting the new booster? Find out in the Updated COVID-19 Boosters section of our CL Answer about COVID-19 vaccines.

Also, find out if the updated boosters are available without cost.

The efficacy of Paxlovid against severe COVID-19 infection may largely depend on the person's age, according to a recent study.

Find out how kidney stone supplements compare and learn about concerns with some of them in our article about Supplements, Foods, and Kidney Stones.

Is taking glucosamine for arthritis linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease? Find out in the What It Does section of our Review of Joint Health Supplements.

Taking very high-dose vitamin C doesn’t seem to provide protection against COVID-19 and it may increase the rate of kidney stones, according to recent data. Get the details in the Vitamin C section of our CL Answer about Supplements and COVID-19.

Regularly consuming oatmeal may lower cholesterol and promote beneficial changes in gut bacteria in people with mildly elevated cholesterol. Get the details based on a recent study in our Oat Cereals Review.

Also see our article about supplements and foods for lowering cholesterol.

Can taking a popular multivitamin slow cognitive decline in older men and women? Find out what a large, recent study found in the Memory and Cognition section of our Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review.

We’ve updated our article about supplements for hair to include a list of medications that may cause hair to fall out. Also find out which vitamin and mineral deficiencies can also cause this problem.

Some people find it difficult to take levothyroxine (Synthroid) in the morning as typically recommended, since this requires delaying breakfast, coffee and tea. Can taking levothyroxine at night, instead, be just as effective? Find out what research shows in our article about supplement and food interactions with levothyroxine.

A CL member asked us to review the oral moisturizer Allday Dry Mouth Spray. Find out how it compares to other products, and see our Top Pick among them, in the Oral Moisturizers section of our article about the best toothpastes and other dental products.

Some plant-based "meats" may increase the risk of kidney stones, according to a recent study. Find out which sources of plant-based meats pose the greatest risk in our CL Answer about foods and supplements that may increase the risk of kidney stones.

Using the wrong kind of water in some humidifiers can cause exposure to heavy metals, according to a recent study. Get the details in the Potential problems with humidifiers section of our CL Answer about air purifiers.

Be aware that many products that stimulate saliva production in people with dry mouth can cause gastrointestinal side effects. Learn more in the Salivary Stimulants section of our article dental products.

An expert group is encouraging parents to improve sleep habits in children rather than give melatonin, citing potential safety concerns. Get the details in the What It Does section of our Melatonin Supplements Review.

A recent study raised concern about microplastics causing blood clots. Get the details in our Water Filter Pitchers Review.

A baby was recently born with severe riboflavin deficiency due to a lack of riboflavin in the mother's vegan diet and supplements. Learn more about riboflavin requirements in our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

Beta-glucan from cereals such as oats and barley may help lower cholesterol, but be aware that other sources of beta-glucan (including some supplements) may not. Find out in our CL Answer about supplements for heart health.

What are the best combinations of plant-based foods to ensure proper intake of essential amino acids? Find out in the ConsumerTips section of our Protein Supplements Review.

Although it’s best to stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking a pill, if you must lie down know which sleeping position is best. We’ve added this tip to our article: 6 Tips to Avoid Getting a Pill Stuck.

A CL Member asked if Spark Keto (a.k.a. K3 Spark), can help with weight management. Find out what research suggests in the Appetite Suppressants section of our CL Answer about Supplements for Weight.

How can a major supplement company justify selling red yeast rice that ConsumerLab discovered to be contaminated and provide barely any active compound? Find out what a CL member was told when she asked the company.

Find out which supplements may help reduce frequent nighttime urination (nocturia) in our new article 7 Supplements That May Help Reduce Nighttime Urination (And 3 That Might Not Help).

A CL member asked if taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) at bedtime could cause insomnia. We answered this question. We also added new information about taking levothyroxine with coffee. It’s all in our updated article about supplement and food interactions with levothyroxine.

Find out if research supports MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) for improving nails or hair in the MSM section of our Joint Health Supplements Review.

Also see our article about biotin and other supplements for hair and nails.

A CL Member experienced dizziness, nausea, and anxiety after taking L-glutamine. Find out if these are known side effects of L-glutamine, and learn about other potential adverse effects of glutamine in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Muscle & Workout Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements that may cause dizziness.

Does supplementing with high-dose fish oil improve muscle strength or endurance in older women and men? Find out what a recent study showed in the Muscle, Strength and Falls section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements to consider using when exercising (and ones to avoid).

Can taking folic acid (vitamin B-9) reduce the risk of self-harm and suicide? Find out what a recent study found in the Depression section of our B Vitamin Supplements Review.

EVUSHELD (tixagevimab with cilgavimab) is the only product authorized for the pre-exposure prevention of COVID-19, but evidence shows it may provide less protection against Omicron variants compared to earlier strains. Get the details in our CL Answer about treatments for COVID-19.

We've added information about tests from Celltrion and Indicaid to our comparisons of 12 home antigen tests for COVID.

Did supplementing with egg powder, a source of choline, improve cognitive function in preadolescents? Find out what a recent study showed in the Memory and Cognition section of our Choline and Lecithin Supplements Review.

Also see our article about supplements and food for brain function.

Vitamin B-6 deficiency can cause nerve pain and weakness, even resulting in inability to walk, as shown in a recent case. However, getting too much B-6 from supplements can also cause these symptoms. Find out how much B6 you should be getting in the Vitamin B-6 section of our B Vitamins Supplements Review.

For information about supplements that may help with other forms of nerve pain, see our answer to the question: Do any supplements, like Nervive, help with nerve pain, like sciatica or diabetic neuropathy?

We answered the following additional questions relating to our article about Supplements for Reducing Nighttime Urination:

• Can sleep apnea or other conditions cause nighttime urination?
• What dietary factors cause nighttime urination?
• Does taking valerian or pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) reduce nighttime urination?

Which forms of calcium interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine (Synthroid)? Find out in the updated Concerns and Cautions section of our Calcium Supplements Review.

A CL member asked if they should take olive oil as a supplement. Find out in our new answer to the question: Should you take olive oil as a supplement?